Advanced Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery
Stručný popis
Advanced Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery
An up-to-date discussion of the latest advanced neurosurgical techniques for dogs and cats
In Advanced Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery, a team of distinguished veterinary practitioners delivers an authoritative and accessible compilation of current best practices for surgery of the spine, neck, and head in dogs and cats. The book focuses on advanced and cutting-edge techniques in the field, offering detailed and step-by-step descriptions of state-of-the-art procedures accompanied by video clips of most.
The authors have developed a companion website that includes additional resources for the techniques described in the book, which provides coverage of percutaneous laser disk fenestration, spinal stabilization, and pituitary surgery. Each chapter presents a detailed description of an operative technique, indications, surgical anatomy, and related and detailed illustrations. Readers will also find:
A thorough introduction to the history of veterinary neurosurgery and applications of 3D printing in veterinary neurosurgery
In-depth treatments of post-operative radiation therapy of intracranial tumors
Comprehensive discussions of the more routine spinal procedures, including cervical ventral slot decompression
Explorations of intracranial procedures, including intraoperative ultrasound in intracranial surgery
Perfect for veterinary surgeons and veterinary internal medicine specialists, Advanced Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery will also earn a place in the libraries of veterinary residents and interns.
Autor: Andy Shores, Brigitte A. Brisson
Cena s DPH: asi 5000 Kč
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Základní informace
| Nakladatel | Wiley-Blackwell |
|---|---|
| ISBN | 9781119790426 |
| Vydání | 2023 |
| Vazba | |
| Počet stran |
Popis
About the Author
Editors
Andy Shores is a Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology in the Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine at The Veterinary Specialty Center in Mississippi, USA.
Brigitte A. Brisson is Professor of Small Animal Surgery in the Department of Clinical Studies at the Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.
Obsah
| List of Contributors | xvii |
| ACVS Foreword | xix |
| ACVIM Foreword | xxi |
| Preface | xxiii |
| About the Companion Website | xxv |
| Don Sorjonen 1 A History of Veterinary Neurosurgery: 1900–2000 | 1 |
| Introduction | 1 |
| Advances in Imaging Techniques | 1 |
| Advances in Spinal Procedures | 2 |
| Thoracolumbar (T1–S1) | 2 |
| Cervical (C1–C7) | 5 |
| Advances in Intracranial Procedures | 8 |
| Epilogue | 11 |
| References | 12 |
| Fred Wininger 2 Applications of 3D Printing in Veterinary Neurosurgery | 17 |
| Steps of the 3D Printing Process | 18 |
| Acquisition | 18 |
| Thresholding | 18 |
| Segmentation | 18 |
| File Format Creation | 19 |
| Manifold Manipulation | 19 |
| Anatomic Modeling | 19 |
| Printing | 20 |
| Current Spinal Applications | 20 |
| Customized Tools | 20 |
| Current Brain Applications | 21 |
| Future Applications of 3D Printing in Veterinary Neurosurgery | 23 |
| References | 23 |
| M. W. Nolan 3 Postoperative Radiation Therapy of Intracranial Tumors | 25 |
| Introduction | 25 |
| Overview of Radiation Therapy | 25 |
| Radiobiology | 25 |
| DNA as The Target for Radiation | 25 |
| Normal Tissue Injury | 26 |
| Rationale for Radiation Fractionation | 26 |
| Radiation Physics and Treatment Planning | 28 |
| Beam Energy Selection | 28 |
| Dose Calculations | 28 |
| Target Localization Strategies | 29 |
| Delivery Systems | 31 |
| Plan Evaluation | 32 |
| Specific Tumor Types | 33 |
| Meningioma | 33 |
| Clinical Data | 33 |
| Radiotherapeutic Techniques | 34 |
| Glial Tumors | 34 |
| Clinical Data | 34 |
| Radiotherapeutic Techniques | 35 |
| Choroid Plexus Tumors | 35 |
| Clinical Data | 35 |
| Radiotherapeutic Techniques | 35 |
| Spinal Tumors | 35 |
| Clinical Data | 35 |
| Radiotherapeutic Techniques | 36 |
| Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy | 36 |
| References | 37 |
| Claudio C. Natalini 4 Practice and Principles of Neuroanesthesia for Imaging and Neurosurgery | 39 |
| Introduction | 39 |
| Increases in ICP | 39 |
| Clinical Signs | 39 |
| Dynamics | 39 |
| Cerebral Perfusion and Anesthesia | 40 |
| The Cushing Reflex and Anesthesia | 40 |
| Increases in ICP During Anesthesia | 41 |
| ICP and Contrast Myelography | 42 |
| Hydrocephalus | 42 |
| Neurologic Monitoring: Monitoring Brain State During Anesthesia | 42 |
| Modalities of Neurologic Monitoring | 42 |
| Electroencephalogram EEG | 42 |
| Sensory-Evoked Responses (SERs) and Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) | 42 |
| Glycemic Control | 42 |
| Monitoring Nociception | 42 |
| Other Modalities | 43 |
| Sedation versus General Anesthesia for Imaging | 43 |
| Regional Anesthesia for Laminectomy, Hemilaminectomy, and Vertebral Fractures | 43 |
| Anesthesia Protocol for Intracranial Surgery | 43 |
| References | 44 |
| Part I Spinal Procedures | 45 |
| Andy Shores and Allison Mooney 5 Cervical Ventral Slot Decompression | 47 |
| Cervical IVD Syndrome | 47 |
| History | 47 |
| Clinical Signs | 47 |
| Radiographic Signs | 48 |
| Advanced Imaging | 49 |
| Indications for Surgery | 50 |
| Ventral Approach to the Cervical Spine | 50 |
| Decompression of the Cervical Spinal Cord | 54 |
| Ventral Slot Method | 54 |
| Perioperative and Postoperative Care | 58 |
| References | 58 |
| Brigitte A. Brisson 6 Thoracolumbar Decompression: Hemilaminectomy and Mini-Hemilaminectomy (Pediculectomy) | 59 |
| Indications | 59 |
| Procedures | 59 |
| Technique: Surgical Approach for Mini-Hemilaminectomy (Video 6.1) | 60 |
| Dorsolateral Approach [14–17] (Video 6.2) | 60 |
| Variation | 61 |
| Recommended Variation | 61 |
| Technique: Mini-Hemilaminectomy Procedure | 63 |
| Technique: Surgical Approach for Hemilaminectomy | 64 |
| Technique: Hemilaminectomy Procedure | 65 |
| Removal of Disk Material: Mini-Hemilaminectomy and Hemilaminectomy | 66 |
| Closure | 67 |
| Complications | 67 |
| Postoperative Care | 68 |
| References | 68 |
| Brigitte A. Brisson 7 Thoracolumbar Disk Fenestration | 70 |
| Indications | 70 |
| Technique – Surgical Approach | 71 |
| Variations | 72 |
| Technique – Fenestration Procedure (Video 7.1) | 72 |
| Blade Fenestration | 73 |
| Power Fenestration | 73 |
| Other Requirements | 75 |
| Closure | 75 |
| Complications | 75 |
| Postoperative Care | 76 |
| References | 76 |
| Danielle Dugat 8 Percutaneous Laser Disk Ablation | 78 |
| Introduction | 78 |
| Laser Ablation | 78 |
| Candidate Selection | 79 |
| Procedure Description | 80 |
| Procedure Complications and Recurrence | 82 |
| Diagnostic Evaluation of PLDA | 83 |
| Conclusion | 84 |
| References | 84 |
| Yael Merbl and Annie Vivian Chen-Allen 9 The Cranial Thoracic Spine: Approach via Dorsolateral Hemilaminectomy | 86 |
| Indications | 86 |
| Surgical Anatomy | 87 |
| Patient Positioning | 87 |
| Surgical Technique | 88 |
| Postoperative Care | 89 |
| References | 90 |
| Andy Shores and Ryan Gibson 10 Principles in Surgical Management of Locked Cervical Facets in Dogs | 91 |
| Introduction | 91 |
| Unilateral Locked Cervical Facets in Humans | 91 |
| Clinical Presentation | 91 |
| Surgical Techniques | 92 |
| Postoperative Care | 94 |
| Summary/Conclusions | 94 |
| References | 95 |
| Bianca F. Hettlich 11 Spinal Stabilization: Cervical Vertebral Column | 96 |
| Introduction | 96 |
| Preoperative Planning | 96 |
| Anatomical Considerations | 96 |
| Implant Selection | 97 |
| Positioning and Approach | 97 |
| Vertebral Distraction | 98 |
| Diskectomy | 99 |
| Intervertebral Spacer | 99 |
| Indication for Additional Decompression | 101 |
| Surgical Stabilization | 101 |
| Monocortical Screw/PMMA Fixation | 101 |
| Vertebral Body Plates | 102 |
| Other Techniques | 104 |
| Stabilization of Multiple Spaces | 105 |
| Postoperative Assessment | 105 |
| Complications | 106 |
| References | 107 |
| Simon T. Kornberg and Brigitte A. Brisson 12 Stabilization of the Thoracolumbar Spine | 109 |
| Preoperative Planning | 109 |
| Decompression with Stabilization | 111 |
| Technique | 111 |
| Implant Selection | 111 |
| Thoracolumbar Spine | 114 |
| Positioning and Approach | 114 |
| Implant Selection | 114 |
| Spinal Stapling/Segmental Fixation | 116 |
| Lumbosacral Spine | 118 |
| Anatomy | 118 |
| Positioning and Approach | 118 |
| Reduction | 119 |
| Implant Selection | 119 |
| Postoperative Imaging | 120 |
| Complications | 120 |
| Aftercare | 122 |
| Acknowledgments | 122 |
| References | 122 |
| Sheila Carrera-Justiz and Gabriel Garcia 13 Surgical Management of Congenital Spinal Anomalies | 124 |
| Diagnostics | 124 |
| Treatment | 125 |
| Prognosis | 126 |
| Future Directions | 127 |
| Summary | 127 |
| References | 127 |
| Stef H. Y. Lim and Michaela Beasley 14 Lumbosacral Decompression and Foraminotomy Techniques | 129 |
| Pathophysiology and Anatomy | 129 |
| L7–S1 Foramina Anatomy | 129 |
| Diagnosis | 130 |
| History and Clinical Signs | 130 |
| Physical Examination Findings | 130 |
| Orthopedic Examination Findings | 130 |
| Neurologic Examination Findings | 131 |
| Radiography | 131 |
| Myelography (Contrast Study) | 132 |
| Computed Tomography (CT) | 132 |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | 133 |
| Force Plate Analysis | 134 |
| Electrodiagnostics | 134 |
| Treatment: Conservative and Medical Therapy | 134 |
| Surgery | 134 |
| Dorsal Laminectomy | 135 |
| Patient Preparation and Positioning | 135 |
| Surgical Technique | 135 |
| Foraminotomy | 136 |
| Facetectomy | 137 |
| Distraction, Fusion, and Stabilization | 137 |
| Pins and PMMA | 137 |
| SOP Plating | 137 |
| Surgical Technique | 138 |
| Pedicle Screw and Rod Fixation (PSRF) | 138 |
| Minimally-Invasive Transilial Vertebral (MTV) Blocking | 138 |
| Postoperative Management | 139 |
| References | 139 |
| Ane Uriarte 15 Surgical Management of Spinal Nerve Root Tumors | 143 |
| Introduction | 143 |
| Clinical Presentations | 143 |
| Meningioma | 143 |
| Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors | 143 |
| Diagnosis | 144 |
| Imaging | 144 |
| Spinal Meningioma MRI | 144 |
| PNST MRI | 144 |
| Electrodiagnostics | 147 |
| Cytology/Histology | 147 |
| Meningiomas | 147 |
| PNST | 147 |
| Surgery of PNST Within the Spinal Nerves | 148 |
| Cervical Approach | 148 |
| Positioning | 148 |
| Lateral Surgical Approach to Caudal Cervical Foramen After Amputation | 148 |
| Dorsal Surgical Approach for Cervical Hemilaminectomy | 149 |
| Respiratory Compromise in Cervical Myelopathies | 149 |
| Lumbar Approach | 150 |
| Approach to the L7–S1 Foramen | 150 |
| Postoperative Care | 150 |
| Prognosis | 151 |
| Radiation Therapy | 151 |
| References | 151 |
| Sofia Cerda-Gonzalez 16 Surgical Management of Craniocervical Junction Anomalies | 153 |
| Indications | 153 |
| Surgical Anatomy | 154 |
| Patient Preparation and Positioning | 155 |
| Surgical Technique | 156 |
| Outcomes | 159 |
| References | 159 |
| Isidro Mateo 17 Ventral Approach to the Cervicothoracic Spine | 161 |
| Introduction | 161 |
| Surgical Anatomy [10–12] | 161 |
| Muscles | 161 |
| Vessels | 163 |
| Nerves | 163 |
| Viscera | 163 |
| Surgical Technique [10, 12] | 163 |
| Clinical Results | 165 |
| Conclusion | 167 |
| References | 167 |
| Part II Intracranial Procedures | 169 |
| Alison M. Lee, Chris Tollefson and Andy Shores 18 Intraoperative Ultrasound in Intracranial Surgery | 171 |
| Introduction | 171 |
| Artifacts in Imaging | 172 |
| Accuracy of Intraoperative Ultrasound | 173 |
| Scanning Procedure and Equipment | 173 |
| Appearance of Tumor on Ultrasound | 175 |
| Ultrasound Guided Procedures | 177 |
| Conclusion | 177 |
| References | 177 |
| John Rossmeisl and Annie Chen 19 Brain Biopsy Techniques | 179 |
| Introduction | 179 |
| Indications and Contraindications | 179 |
| Frame-based Stereotactic Brain Biopsy (SBBfb) | 179 |
| SBBfb Technique | 181 |
| Preoperative Evaluation | 181 |
| Headframe Placement and Acquisition of Stereotactic Images | 181 |
| SBBfb Planning | 181 |
| SBBfb Procedure | 183 |
| Postoperative Care and Adverse Events | 184 |
| Processing of Brain Biopsy Specimens | 184 |
| Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy (SBBf) | 185 |
| SBBfl Technique | 185 |
| Attachment of the Fiducial Markers | 185 |
| Acquisition of Magnetic Resonance Images | 186 |
| Registration Procedure | 186 |
| Trajectory Planning | 187 |
| Brain Biopsy | 187 |
| Biopsy Sample Processing | 187 |
| Conclusion | 187 |
| References | 188 |
| Tina Owen, Annie Chen-Allen and Linda Martin 20 Surgical Management of Sellar Masses | 190 |
| Introduction | 190 |
| Case Selection | 191 |
| Preoperative Work up | 192 |
| Neurologic Exam | 192 |
| Preoperative Testing and Diagnostics | 193 |
| Endocrine Testing | 193 |
| Brain Imaging | 193 |
| Imaging of Pituitary Masses | 194 |
| Imaging of Non-Pituitary Sellar Masses | 195 |
| Surgery | 196 |
| Anatomy | 196 |
| Localization | 196 |
| Positioning | 197 |
| Approach | 197 |
| Surgical Outcome | 198 |
| In Hospital Care | 200 |
| Postoperative Management and Monitoring | 200 |
| Postoperative Complications | 200 |
| Endocrine and Metabolic Complications | 200 |
| Respiratory Complications | 203 |
| Neurologic Complications | 204 |
| Procedural Related Complications | 204 |
| Long term Follow Up | 205 |
| References | 206 |
| Jonathan F. McAnulty 21 Surgical Management and Intraoperative Strategies for Tumors of the Skull | 211 |
| Osteosarcoma and Multilobular Osteochrondrosarcoma of the Cranium | 211 |
| Diagnosis and Characterization | 212 |
| Surgical Planning and Treatment | 212 |
| Exposure | 212 |
| Challenges in Skull Tumor Resection | 214 |
| Parietal Calvarial and Dorsal Frontal Bone Lesions | 214 |
| Frontal Bone within the Orbit and Sphenoid Bone Lesions | 215 |
| Occipital Bone Lesions | 215 |
| MRI Assessment of Blood Flow to the Transverse Sinuses | 216 |
| Slow Occlusion of Flow from the DSS to the Transverse Sinus Using a Balloon Catheter | 217 |
| Extension of Tumor to the tentorium Cerebelli | 218 |
| Zygomatic Arch and Ramus of the Mandible | 218 |
| Complications and Risks | 219 |
| Cranioplasty | 220 |
| References | 221 |
| R. Timothy Bentley 22 Surgical Management of Intracranial Meningiomas | 223 |
| Introduction | 223 |
| Anatomy | 223 |
| Transfrontal Craniotomy (Bilateral Transfrontal Craniotomy) | 225 |
| Technique | 225 |
| Closure | 227 |
| Modifications | 228 |
| The Falx Cerebri and the Dorsal Sagittal Sinus (DSS) | 229 |
| Rostrotentorial Craniectomy/Craniotomy (Lateral Craniectomy/Craniotomy) | 231 |
| Technique | 232 |
| Closure: Craniectomy vs Craniotomy | 233 |
| Combined Rostrotentorial–Transfrontal Approach | 234 |
| Suboccipital Craniectomy (See Also Chapter 24 Surgery of Caudal Fossa Tumors) | 235 |
| Technique | 235 |
| Closure | 236 |
| Meningioma Resection and Instrumentation | 236 |
| Simpson Classification of Meningioma Resection in Humans (Table 22.2) | 237 |
| Substitutes for Resected Dura Mater | 237 |
| Complications and Mitigation Strategies | 239 |
| References | 239 |
| Andy Shores 23 Lateral Ventricular Fenestration | 241 |
| Introduction | 241 |
| Rationale | 241 |
| Technique | 242 |
| Potential Complications | 243 |
| Discussion | 243 |
| References | 248 |
| Beverly K. Sturges 24 Surgery of the Caudal Fossa | 249 |
| Anatomy | 249 |
| Indications for Surgery | 250 |
| Preoperative Assessment and Anesthetic Management | 251 |
| Surgical Positioning | 251 |
| Surgical Approach(es) to the Caudal Fossa | 252 |
| Midline Occipital Approach [3–5] | 252 |
| Extended Lateral Approach with Occlusion of The Transverse Sinus [3, 6] | 255 |
| Lateral Approach to The Cerebellum in Cats [8] | 258 |
| Closing and Reconstruction | 258 |
| Postoperative Care | 259 |
| Complications | 260 |
| References | 261 |
| Martin Young and Sandy Chen 25 Transzygomatic Approach to Ventrolateral Craniotomy/Craniectomy | 262 |
| Introduction | 262 |
| Patient Positioning/Preparation | 262 |
| Surgical Procedure | 263 |
| References | 266 |
| Index | 269 |