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Animal Cruelty Investigations: A Collaborative Approach from Victim to Verdict

Autor: Kris K. Otteman Brant, Linda Fielder, Emily Lewis

Cena s DPH: 2016 Kč

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Základní informace

Nakladatel	Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN	9781119764885
Vydání	4/2022
Vazba	brožovaná
Počet stran	448

Popis

Animal Cruelty Investigations: A Collaborative Approach from Victim to Verdict provides a framework for the experts who respond to animal cruelty cases: veterinarians, law enforcement agencies, animal care and control organizations, and prosecutors. This book is a practical guide which provides insight and direction for every phase of an animal cruelty investigation. The step-by-step guidance on responding to particular issues and challenges related to animal cruelty cases is bolstered by the extensive library of checklists, form templates, specific case protocols, and lists of available resources. This book is designed to empower readers to respond to animal cruelty cases confidently and effectively by: Introducing veterinarians to their critical role in animal cruelty investigations including forensic examination and necropsy, crime scene response, report writing, and testimony. Included are detailed Specific Case Protocols for common animal cruelty scenarios.

Helping animal shelters navigate the challenges of holding animals in protective custody, housing unusual species, and placing evidence animals in foster care. Offering law enforcement agencies useful methods for investigating animal cruelty such as search and seizure protocols, witness interview techniques, and valuable forms and templates necessary to strengthen and ensure proper search warrant execution, evidence collection and handling, and chain of custody; all with a focus on animals as both victims and evidence. Guiding prosecutors through the steps necessary to utilize the veterinarian's findings during the trial and providing insight into issues to be considered when reviewing search warrants, filing charges, proposing plea agreements, or filing pre-conviction forfeiture motions. This book is a must-have reference and guide for veterinarians, technicians, law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and all those involved in the protection of animals' health and wellbeing. The successful investigation of animal crimes relies on each of these disciplines, not only carrying out their professional duties, but having a collective understanding of what each other needs in order to meet that expectation..

Obsah

List of Contributors	XI
Preface	XII
Acknowledgements	XIII
About the Companion Website	XV
1 Introduction	1
1.1 Making the Most of This Resource	1
1.2 Why Definitions Are Important	2
1.3 Terms and Phrases: Animal Cruelty Cases	2
1.4 Terms and Phrases: Veterinary Medicine	3
1.5 Terms and Phrases: Law Enforcement and Field Services	5
1.6 Terms and Phrases: Criminal Law	7
1.7 Looking Ahead	12
References	12
2 Animal Basic	14
2.1 The History of the Five Freedoms and Their Impact on Animal Welfare Laws	15
2.2 Veterinarians as Experts in the Field	15
2.3 With So Many Species, Where to Begin?	16
2.4 Defining Animals by Category	16
2.5 Animal Basics by Species	16
2.6 Basics That Apply to All Animals	23
2.7 Putting Your Basic Knowledge to Work	24
References	24
3 Fundamentals of All Cases	25
3.1 Interdisciplinary Roles	25
3.2 Environment	26
3.3 Sanitation	27
3.4 Food and Water	28
3.5 Nutrition	30
3.6 Documentation	31
3.7 Body Condition	32
3.8 Documenting Body Condition	33
3.9 Dental, Foot and Hoof Care	33
3.10 Veterinary Care, Medications and Treatment	35
3.11 Nonaccidental Injury and Trauma	36
3.12 The Link Between Animal Cruelty and Crimes Against Humans	37
3.13 Emergency Issues	37
References	37
4 Initial Investigation and Assessment	38
4.1 Types of Reports	38
4.2 Anonymous Reports	39
4.3 Required Information	39
4.4 Response Triage	40
4.5 Legitimate or Not? How to Decide	40
4.6 Responding to Calls: Initial Site Visit	40
5 Witness and Subject Interviewing	45
5.1 Preparation for the Interview	45
5.2 Interview Location and Setting	46
5.3 Miranda and Consent	46
5.4 Building Rapport	47
5.5 Ask Clear and Direct Open-Ended Questions	48
5.6 Suspect Interviews	49
5.7 Reading Body Language and Detecting Deception	50
5.8 Confessions	50
5.9 Ending the Interview	51
5.10 Documenting the Interview	51
5.11 Additional Resources and Training	51
References	51
6 The Veterinarian's Role in Animal Cruelty Investigations	53
6.1. The Veterinarian is an Important Partner in Animal Cruelty Investigations	53
6.2 The Veterinarian's Oath	55
6.3 How Veterinary Forensic Differs from Traditional Veterinary Medicine	55
6.4 Veterinary Confidentiality and Medical Records Requests	56
6.5 Public Informations Considerations	57
6.6 Conflicts of Interests	58
6.7 Be Familiar with the Laws	59
6.8 How to Find and Build Knowledge in the Area of Animal Law	59
6.9 Understand What the Prosecutor and Law Enforcement Need to Know	60
6.10 How Animal Cruelty Investigations Surface and Become Active Cases	61
References	62
7 The Veterinary Exam and Treatment Plan	63
7.1 Request and Review Evidentiary Material	64
7.2 Initial Steps	65
7.3 Examination Key Elements	71
7.4 Ongoing Responsibilities of the Veterinarian	83
References	86
8 Setting Expectations and Monitoring Compliance	87
8.1 Education and Guidance vs. Citation	87
8.2 Passive Neglect and Lack of Resources	88
8.3 Education	89
8.4 Setting Expextations	90
8.5 What You Can and Cannot Require	91
8.6 Conducting Rechecks	92
8.7 What If Nothing Improves or Conditions Worsen?	92
8.8 What About Animal Hoarders?	93
References	94
9 Search Warrants and Seizures	95
9.1 Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement in Animal Cruelty Cases	95
9.2 Prewarrant Considerations	98
9.3 Drafting of the Affidavit and Search Warrant	103
9.4 Before You Serve the Warrant	110
9.5 Preservice Briefing	114
9.6 Serving the Warrant	115
9.7 Start Documenting the Scene	117
9.8 System for Evidence Documentation and Processing	118
9.9 Processing the Animals	121
9.10 Forms	123
9.11 Discovering Evidence of Other Crimes	127
9.12 The First 24 Hours After the Search Warrant Execution	127
References	128
10 Evidence Collection	130
10.1 What is Evidence	130
10.2 How Evidence Animal Cruelty Cases Differs from Traditional Property Crimes	130
10.3 How to Package the Evidence	136
10.4 What to Do with Evidence Until Trial	152
10.5 Evidence at Trial	154
10.6 Evidence After Trial	155
References	157
11 Veterinary Forensic Necropsy	158
11.1 How a Forensic Necropsy is Different	158
11.2 The Importance of the Forensic Necropsy	158
11.3 Necropsy at the Owner's Request	159
11.4 Packing and Storing Remains Prior to Necropsy	159
11.5 Forensic Necropsy Equipment and Protocols	160
11.6 Case History	160
11.7 Preparing to Perform the Necropsy	160
11.8 The Necropsy Report	175
11.9 Next Steps	179
11.10 An Important Reminder	179
References	179
12 Report Writing	180
12.1 Introduction	180
12.2 General Principles	180
12.3 Crime Report	183
12.4 Veterinarian Reports	184
12.5 Witness Statements	189
12.6 The Case Packet	192
12.7 Conclusion	195
13 Protective Custody (Live Animals)	196
13.1 The Challenge of LIve Animal Evidence	196
13.2 The First 24 Hours	197
13.3 Know Your Agency's Capacity	198
13.4 Facility Set-Up and Security	199
13.5 Training Staff and Confidentiality	200
13.6 Paperwork and Record Keeping	201
13.7 Providing Security Without Isolation	202
13.8 Foster Care and Offsite Boarding	203
13.9 Routine and Emergency Veterinary Care	204
13.10 Death in Care and Euthanasia Considerations	204
13.11 Offspring Born in Care	205
13.12 Concusion	206
References	206
14 Media and Fundraising	207
14.1 Media Coverage	207
14.2 Handling Negative Press	214
14.3 Internal Communications Policy	215
14.4 Fundraising	215
References	220
15 Forfeiture, Surrender, and Related Legal Remedies	221
15.1 Seized Animals and Reasonable Minimum Care	222
15.2 The Impact of Seizure Expenses - and Responsive Solutions	223
15.3 Voluntary Reliquishment	223
15.4 The Sized Animal as Contaband	224
15.5 Preconviction Forfeiture	226
15.6 Preconviction Forfeiture: Bond-or-Forfeit Statutes	227
15.7 Bond-or-Forfeit Statute Examples	228
15.8 Bond-or-Forfeit Statutes Are Constitutionally Complint	229
15.9 Restitution	230
15.10 Forfeiture via Sentencing	231
15.11 Cost-of-Care Liens	231
15.12 Conclusion	231
References	232
16 Trial	233
16.1 Trials: An Overview	233
16.2 The Players	234
16.3 How a Typical Criminal Case Gets to Trial	238
16.4 Pretrial Matters	241
16.5 The Trial	242
16.6 Topics for Prosecutors	246
16.7 Conclusion	249
Introduction to the Appendix	250
Appendix A: Specific Case Protocols	251
Appendix B: Forms and Checklists	329
Appendix C: Templates and Agreements	391
Appendix D: Resources	425
Index	441