Internetové knihkupectví s veterinární tématikou
Publikace poskytuje klinicky orientovaný manuál na interpretaci doppletových echokardiografických nálezů, což umožňuje čtenářům naučit se a aplikovat tyto techniky a získat základní znalosti o technických faktorech ovlivňujících diagnostické barevné a spektrální Dopplerovy nálezy. Prakticky text slouží také jako rychlý kontrolní seznam pro dopplerovské rysy běžně získaných srdečních onemocnění u psa a kočky. Pro lepší porozumění obsahuje text barevné obrázky a videoklipy usnadňující pochopení dané problematiky.
Tato příručka není zamýšlena jako komplexní vysvětlení echokardiografických rysů spojených s onemocněním srdce u zvířat. Je určena spíše jako další krok pro praktického lékaře a nekardiologického specialistu, kteří se naučili interpretovat diagnostické 2D a M-Mode echokardiografické studie.
Publikaci sestavil zkušený odborník s téměř 40 lety zkušeností v oboru veterinární echokardiografie, a zahrnuje:
Dopplerovské principy, jak se vztahují na přesnost a hodnocení dopplerovské zobrazení.
Zobrazovací roviny potřebné pro přesné vyhodnocení průtoků v srdci a vysvětlení a aplikace dopplerovských tlakových gradientů.
Interpretace signálů barevného toku a společných dopplerovských znaků u nejčastěji získaných srdečních chorob u psů a koček.
Specifické složitosti oboru, včetně izovolumické relaxační doby (IVRT) a technik zobrazovacích rovin mitrální chlopně a aorty.
Publikace je cenným zdrojem a praktickou příručkou pro všechny profesionály v oboru, kteří se naučili získávat diagnostické 2D a M-Mode echokardiografické studie a nyní potřebují pochopit, jak se tyto techniky naučit a aplikovat je v nespočet praktických aplikací.
Autor: June A. Boon, MS,
Nakladatel | Wiley-Blackwell |
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ISBN | 9781119730170 |
Vydání | 2022 |
Vazba | brožovaná |
Počet stran | 112 |
»Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner« provides a clinically oriented quick reference to using color flow and spectral Doppler to interpret echocardiographic findings, enabling readers to learn and apply these techniques and acquire background knowledge of technical factors affecting diagnostic color and spectral Doppler. Practically, the text also serves as a quick checklist for the Doppler features of commonly acquired cardiac diseases in the dog and cat. To aid in reader comprehension, the text contains color images and video clips to support the descriptions.
This handbook is not intended as a comprehensive explanation of the echocardiographic features associated with heart disease in animals. Rather, it is intended as the next step for the general practitioner and the non-cardiac specialist that have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies.
Written by a highly experienced professional with nearly 40 years of experience in the field of veterinary echocardiography, sample topics covered in »Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner« include:
Doppler principles as they apply to accuracy and evaluation of the color flow and spectral Doppler examination
Imaging planes required for accurate evaluation of flows in the heart and an explanation of and application of Doppler pressure gradients
Interpretation of color flow signals and common Doppler features of the most frequently acquired heart diseases in dogs and cats
Specific intricacies of the field, including isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and imaging planes techniques of the mitral valve and aorta
»Doppler Echocardiography for the Small Animal Practitioner« is a highly valuable resource and practical guide for all professionals in the field who have learned to acquire diagnostic 2D and M-Mode echocardiographic studies and now need to understand how to learn and apply these techniques in a myriad of practical applications.
June A. Boon, MS, is an Instructor and Echocardiographer at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Preface | xi |
About the Companion Website | xiii |
1 The Basics: What You Need to Know | 1 |
Doppler Principles as They Apply to Accuracy and Quality of the Exam | 1 |
Doppler shift | 1 |
Types of Doppler | 2 |
Advantages and disadvantages of each type of Doppler | 4 |
The spectral display | 4 |
The color display | 6 |
Nyquist limit and aliasing | 8 |
Accuracy of spectral flow information | 12 |
Optimizing Doppler Displays | 14 |
Color flow | 14 |
Spectral Doppler | 19 |
Laminar and Turbulent Flow | 21 |
Normal laminar flow | 21 |
Turbulent flow | 21 |
Causes of spectral broadening | 22 |
2 The Doppler Examination | 23 |
Spectral Doppler | 23 |
Normal spectral flows in the heart | 23 |
Mitral valve | 23 |
Aorta and LVOT | 26 |
Pulmonary artery and RVOT | 27 |
Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) | 31 |
Pulmonary venous flow | 32 |
Left auricular flow | 32 |
Color Flow Doppler | 37 |
Normal color flow in the heart | 37 |
Mitral valve | 37 |
Aorta | 38 |
Pulmonary artery | 43 |
Tricuspid valve | 47 |
3 Applications | 55 |
Pressure Gradients (PGs) | 55 |
PG meaning | 55 |
Normal pressures in the heart and vessels | 55 |
Bernoulli equation | 55 |
Modified equation | 55 |
How can blood flow when pressures in the ventricles and great vessels are the same? | 57 |
Factors Affecting Flow Velocities | 57 |
Volume | 57 |
Narrowed pathway | 57 |
Pressure | 57 |
Limitations of the simplified Bernoulli equation | 59 |
Common Applications of PG in Acquired Heart Disease | 59 |
Using mitral regurgitation | 59 |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 62 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 63 |
Diastolic Function and Doppler | 66 |
Definitions | 66 |
Casses of diastolic dysfunction | 66 |
Overview of diastolic function | 72 |
4 Doppler Features in Common Acquired Cardiac Diseases | 77 |
Chronic Valve Disease | 77 |
2D and M-mode features | 77 |
Color flow evaluation | 77 |
Spectral Doppler | 80 |
Dilated Cardiomyopathy | 82 |
2D and M-mode features | 82 |
Color flow evaluation | 84 |
Spectral Doppler | 84 |
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy | 84 |
2D and M-mode features | 84 |
Color flow evaluation | 85 |
Spectral Doppler | 87 |
Diastolic function | 88 |
Dynamic Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (DRVOTO) | 88 |
2D and M-mode features | 88 |
Color flow evaluation | 90 |
Spectral Doppler | 90 |
Nonspecific Cardiomyopathy | 90 |
2D and M-mode features | 90 |
These result in diminishing systolic function | 90 |
Color flow evaluation | 90 |
Spectral Doppler | 91 |
Pulmonary Hypertension | 92 |
2D and M-mode features | 92 |
Color flow evaluation | 93 |
Spectral Doppler | 93 |
Appendix 1 Spectral Doppler Reference Ranges for the Dog and Cat | 99 |
Appendix 2 Abbreviations | 103 |
Recommended Reading | 105 |
Index | 107 |