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Equine Respiratory Diseases

Stručný popis

Respiratory diseases are among the most common medical conditions encountered in equine practice. They occur in horses of all breeds and ages, and can have a devastating impact on a horse’s health – anorexia, abortion, facial deformities and pneumonia are to name but a few of the consequences.

Autor: Bonnie Rush, Kansas State University, USA, Tim Mair Bell Equine Medicine Clinic, Kent, England

Cena s DPH: asi 2987 Kč

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Základní informace

Nakladatel	Plot
ISBN	0632052627
Vydání	2004
Vazba	brožovaná
Počet stran	322

Popis

This book brings all the major equine respiratory diseases together in one single concise volume. Written by two leading equine experts, it enables the reader to relate clinical anatomy, physiology and pathology to clinical signs seen, and to form a rational basis for the control, treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases. Essential reading for all those working in or studying equine medicine, Equine Respiratory Diseases also includes:
Diagnostic tests for infectious and non-infectious respiratory disease.
Details of techniques involved when testing for respiratory diseases.
Step-by-step practical instructions for carrying out procedures.
Numerous colour pictures.

Obsah

Section I: Examination of the Equine Respiratory Tract	1
Chapter 1: Examination of the Upper Respiratory Tract	3
Chapter 2: Examination of the Lower Respiratory Tract	7
Section II: Noncontagious Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract	11
Chapter 3: Diseases Causing Airway Obstruction in the Horse	13
Pathophysiology	13
Respiration and Locomotion	14
Respiratory Noise	14
Diagnosis of Airway Obstruction	15
History	15
Palpation Tests	15
Endoscopy at Rest	15
Radiographic Examination	16
Exercise Tests	16
Treadmill Endoscopy	16
Spectrum Analysis of Respiratory Sounds	17
Further Reading	17
Chapter 4: The Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses	19
Anatomy	19
Nasal Cavity	19
Paranasal Sinuses	20
Function	23
Examination of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses	23
Common Presenting Signs	23
History	23
Physical Examination	24
Endoscopic Examination	24
Radiographic Examination	25
Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)	25
Nuclear Scintigraphy	27
Percutaneous Centesis	27
Surgical Exploration and Biopsy	27
Treatment Objectives in Nasal and Sinus Disease	27
Medical Management	28
Trephination of the Paranasal Sinuses	28
Bone Flap Surgery	29
Further Reading	31
Chapter 5: Congenital and Developmental Malformations of the Nasal Cavity	33
Wry Nose	33
Nasal Septal Deviation	34
Choanal Atresia/Stenosis	35
Further Reading	35
Chapter 6: Diseases Affecting the Nostrils (External Nares)	37
Hypertrophy of Alar Folds/Redundant Alar Folds	37
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst ("Atheroma") of the False Nostril	38
Lacerations and Wounds of the Nostrils	39
Alar Cartilage Necrosis	39
Paralysis of the Nostrils	39
Further Reading	39
Chapter 7: Diseases of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses	41
Primary and Secondary Sinusitis and Sinus Empyema	41
Clinical Signs	42
Diagnosis	42
Treatment	43
Prognosis	44
Progressive Ethmoidal Hematoma	44
Clinical Signs	45
Diagnosis	45
Treatment	47
Prognosis	48
Paranasal Sinus Cysts	48
Clinical Signs	48
Diagnosis	48
Treatment	49
Prognosis	49
Fungal Rhinitis and Sinusitis	49
Cryptococcosis	49
Rhinosporidiosis	49
Phycomycosis	50
Coccidioidomycosis	50
Aspergillosis	50
Sinus and Nasal Neoplasia and Polyps	50
Clinical Sgns	51
Diagnosis	51
Treatment	51
Prognosis	51
Amyloidosis	52
Conchal Necrosis and Metaplasia	52
Intranasal Foreign Bodies	52
Facial and Sinus Trauma	53
Subcutaneous Emphysema	53
Further Reading	54
Chapter 8: The Guttural Pouches	57
Anatomy and Function of the Guttural Pouches	57
Signs of Guttural Pouch Diseases	59
Examination of the Guttural Pouches	59
Palpation	59
Endoscopic Examination	60
Radiographic Examination	61
Cytology	62
Other Diagnostic Imaging Techniques	62
Surgical Approaches to the Guttural Pouches	62
Hyovertebrotomy	62
Viborg’s Triangle	63
Paralaryngeal (Whitehouse) Approach	63
Modified Whitehouse Approach	64
Topical Treatment of the Guttural Pouches	64
Guttural Pouch Tympany	64
Clinical Signs and Diagnosis	65
Treatment	66
Prognosis	67
Diverticulitis of the Guttural Pouch	67
Strangles	68
Chronic Gutteral Ppouch Empyema and Chondroids	68
Chronic Diverticulitis	71
Guttural Pouch Mycosis	72
Clinical Signs	74
Diagnosis	74
Treatment	75
Prognosis	77
Other Disorders of the Guttural Pouches	78
Foreign Bodies	78
Neoplasia	78
Further Reading	79
Chapter 9: The Pharynx	81
Anatomy	81
Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate	82
Extrinsic Factors	83
Intrinsic Factors	84
Clinical Signs	85
Diagnosis	85
Treatment	86
Conservative Measures and Medical Treatments	86
Surgical Treatments	87
Staphylectomy	87
Strap Muscle Resection	87
Llewellyn Procedure- Sternothyroid Muscle Resection and Staphylectomy	88
Epiglottic Augmentation	88
Tension Palatoplasty	88
Laryngeal Tie-forward	89
Prognosis	89
Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia	89
Clinical Signs	90
Diagnosis	91
Treatment	91
Nasopharyngeal Cicatrices	92
Clinical Signs	92
Diagnosis	92
Treatment	92
Cleft Palate (Palatoschisis)	93
Clinical Signs	94
Diagnosis	95
Treatment	95
Prognosis	95
Subepiglottic, Pharyngeal, and Palatal Cysts	96
Clinical Signs	97
Diagnosis	97
Treatment	98
Prognosis	98
Pharyngeal Paralysis	99
Pharyngeal Neoplasia	99
Pharyngeal Trauma	99
Pharyngeal and Retropharyngeal Foreign Bodies	101
Clinical Signs	101
Diagnosis	101
Treatment	101
Retropharyngeal Abscess	101
Clinical Signs	102
Diagnosis	102
Treatment	103
Prognosis	103
Further Reading	103
Chapter 10: The Larynx	107
Anatomy and Function	107
Idiopathic Laryngeal Hemiplegia/Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy	108
Prevalence	111
Clinical Signs	112
Diagnosis	112
Treatment	114
Ventriculectomy and Cordectomy	114
Prosthetic Laryngoplasty	115
Temporary Tracheotomy Tubing	117
Permanent Tracheostomy	117
Arytenoidectomy	117
Laryngeal Reinnervation	118
Prognosis	118
Right Laryngeal Hemiplegia	118
Epiglottal Entrapment	119
Clinical Signs	120
Diagnosis	120
Treatment	121
Prognosis	122
Arytenoid Chondropathy (Arytenoid Chondritis; Arytenoid Chondrosis)	122
Clinical Signs	123
Diagnosis	123
Treatment	124
Prognosis	125
Laryngeal Neoplasia	126
Fourth Branchial Arch Defects	126
Clinical Signs	127
Diagnosis	127
Treatment	128
Prognosis	128
Epiglottic Flaccidity	129
Clinical Signs	129
Diagnosis	129
Treatment	130
Prognosis	130
Epiglottic Hypoplasia	130
Clinical Signs	130
Diagnosis	130
Treatment	131
Prognosis	131
Epiglottitis	131
Clinical Signs	131
Diagnosis	131
Treatment	131
Prognosis	131
Dorsal Epiglottic Abscess	132
Persistent Frenulum of the Epiglottis	132
Laryngeal Web	133
Perilaryngeal Accessory Bronchial Cyst	133
Further Reading	133
Chapter 11: Dynamic Airway Collapse During Exercise	137
Pharyngeal Collapse	137
Dynamic Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate	138
Intermittant Epiglottal Entrapment	139
Aryepiglottic Fold Collapse (Axial Deviation of the Aryepiglottic Folds)	139
Clinical Signs	139
Diagnosis	140
Treatment	140
Prognosis	140
Epiglottic Retroversion	141
Dynamic Rostral Displacement of the Palatopharyngeal Arch	141
Dynamic Laryngeal Collapse	141
Further Reading	141
Chapter 12: Postanesthetic Upper Respiratory Tract Obstruction	143
Nasal Edema	143
Bilateral Laryngeal Paralysis	143
Further Reading	144
Chapter 13: The Trachea	145
Anatomy	145
Tracheal Examination	145
Surgery of the Trachea	146
Tracheotomy Intubation	146
Permanent Tracheostomy	147
Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis	148
External Prosthesis to Stent Collapsed Tracheal Cartilages	149
Laser Surgery	149
Congenital Tracheal Collapse (Collapsed Trachea)	149
Clinical Signs	150
Diagnosis	150
Treatment	150
Tracheal Stenosis	151
Clinical Signs	152
Diagnosis	152
Treatment	152
External Compression and Stenosis of the Trachea	152
Tracheal Wounds	152
Tracheal Neoplasia	153
Intratracheal Prolapse of the Cricotracheal Membrane	153
Tracheobronchial Foreign Body	153
Further Reading	155
Section III: Contagious Respiratory Diseases	157
Chapter 14: Strangles	159
Etiology and Pathogenesis	159
Epidemiology	160
Clinical Signs	160
Complications and Sequela	162
Diagnosis	164
Treatment	167
Control of an Outbreak	169
Prevention	169
Further Reading	170
Chapter 15: Equine Herpesvirus (Rhinopneumonitis)	171
Equine Herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4)	171
Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1)	172
Diagnosis	173
Treatment	173
Prevention	174
Equine Herpesvirus 2	175
Chapter 16: Equine Influenza	177
Diagnosis and Treatment	178
Prevention of Influenza	179
Chapter 17: Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)	181
Diagnosis and Treatment	182
Prevention of EVA	182
Chapter 18: Other Contagious Respiratory Diseases	183
Hendra Virus (Equine Morbillivirus)	183
Adenovirus	184
African Horse Sickness	184
Further Reading	185
Section IV: Noninfectious Pulmonary Diseases and Diagnostic Techniques	187
Chapter 19: Noninfectious Pulmonary Diseases	189
Recurrent Aiway Obstruction (Heaves)	189
Diagnosis	190
Treatment	192
Respiratory Distress at Rest	194
Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy	194
Bronchodilator Therapy	195
Mild to Moderate Airway Obstruction	197
Aerosolized Corticosteroids	197
Adrenal Suppression	198
Long-acting Bronchodilator Therapy	199
Maintenance Therapy	199
Response to Therapy	200
Stable Hygiene	200
Summer Pasture-Associated Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	201
Interstitial Pneumonias	202
Lungworms	205
Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD)	206
Diagnosis	207
Treatment	210
Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage	211
Diagnosis	213
Treatment	215
Thoracic Neoplasia	217
Smoke Inhalation	219
Diagnosis	220
Treatment	220
Immunostimulant Therapy	222
Bacterial and Viral Products	223
Propionibacterium acnes	223
Mycobacterium	224
Parapoxvirus ovis	226
Synthetic Immunostimulants	227
Levamisole Phosphate	227
Interferon-alpha	227
Further Reading	229
Chapter 20: Techniques: Noninfectious Lower Respiratory Tract	233
Endoscopic Examination of the Lower Respiratory Tract	233
Arterial Blood Gas Evaluation	234
Bronchoalveolar Lavage	237
Technique	238
Complications	240
Lung Biopsy	240
Technique	240
Complications	241
Advanced Respiratory Techniques	241
Aerosol Delivery Devices	244
Mechanical Nebulizers	246
Dry Powder Inhalant (DPI) Devices	247
Further Reading	248
Section V: Lower Respiratory Tract Infectious Disease and Diagnostic Techniques	249
Chapter 21: Juvenile Pneumonia	251
Rhodoccocus equi	254
Clinical Signs	255
Diagnosis	257
Treatment	260
Prevention	262
Pneumocystis carini	263
Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia	265
Further Reading	269
Chapter 22: Pneumonia in Adult Horses	271
Bacterial Pneumonia/Pleuropneumonia	271
Clinical Signs	273
Diagnosis	274
Thoracic Ultrasound	275
Thoracocentesis	276
Thoracic Radiographs	279
Treatment	280
Thoracostomy	282
Complications	283
Prognosis	285
Fungal Pneumonia	285
Pulmonary Metacestode Infection	287
Further Reading	289
Chapter 23: Techniques for Infectious Respiratory Disease	291
Transtracheal Aspiration	291
Thoracic Ultrasound	294
Thoracocentesis	296
Thoracic Radiography	299
Further Reading	303
Index	305