Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology 3rd Edition

Contents:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
DEDICATION PAGE
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FIRST EDITION
SECOND EDITION
THIRD EDITION
ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE
Chapter 1: ANALYTICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CONCEPTS: GETTING IT RIGHT
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
SAMPLES
COMMON TYPES OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LABORATORY ASSAYS
SIGNIFICANT DIGITS (SIGNIFICANT FIGURES)
UNITS
ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL VARIATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
QUALITY OF LABORATORY RESULTS
VARIATIONS IN RESULTS ACROSS ASSAYS AND LABORATORIES
WHICH LABORATORY SHOULD ONE USE?
EVALUATING AND VALIDATING LABORATORY METHODS24
DIAGNOSTIC PROPERTIES AND PREDICTIVE VALUE OF LABORATORY ASSAYS
RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVES60,61
HERD‐BASED TESTING FOR CATTLE
References
Chapter 2: LEUKOCYTES
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
ABNORMAL WBC CONCENTRATIONS IN BLOOD
LEUKOGRAM PATTERNS
ABNORMAL MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES OF WBCs
References
Chapter 3: ERYTHROCYTES
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES OF RBCs: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND PATHOGENESES
ANEMIA
NONREGENERATIVE ANEMIAS
BLOOD LOSS ANEMIAS
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS
ERYTHROCYTOSIS AND POLYCYTHEMIA
RETICULOCYTOSIS WITHOUT ANEMIA
OTHER RBC DISORDERS
LABORATORY METHODS FOR ASSESSING IRON (Fe) STATUS
BLOOD TYPING AND CROSSMATCHING
METHODS TO DETECT RBC SURFACE ANTIBODY OR COMPLEMENT
OSMOTIC FRAGILITY TESTING
References
Chapter 4: PLATELETS
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
MICROSCOPIC FEATURES OF PLATELETS
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
THROMBOCYTOSIS
INTERPRETATION OF MPV, PDW, PCT, AND MPC
RETICULATED PLATELETS AND IMMATURE PLATELET FRACTION
ANTIBODY TESTS FOR IMMUNE‐MEDIATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA (IMT)
References
Chapter 5: HEMOSTASIS
HEMOSTASIS
PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)
VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (VWF)
COAGULATION AND ANTICOAGULATION
FIBRIN(OGEN)OLYSIS
GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF HEMOSTASIS: VISCOELASTIC TESTING (VET)
MAJOR BLEEDING DISORDERS: FINDINGS AND PATHOGENESES
THROMBOSIS
References
Chapter 6: BONE MARROW AND LYMPH NODES
BONE MARROW: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND TERMS
BONE MARROW CLASSIFICATIONS
INTERPRETING RESULTS OF BONE MARROW EXAMINATIONS
LYMPH NODES: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND TERMS
LYMPH NODE CLASSIFICATIONS
References
Chapter 7: PROTEINS
GENERAL CONCEPTS FOR TOTAL PROTEIN, ALBUMIN, AND GLOBULINS
ANALYTICAL PRINCIPLES FOR TOTAL PROTEIN, ALBUMIN, AND GLOBULINS
HYPERPROTEINEMIA (INCREASED TOTAL PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OR PLASMA)
HYPOPROTEINEMIA (DECREASED [TP] IN SERUM OR PLASMA)
HYPERALBUMINEMIA
HYPOALBUMINEMIA
HYPERGLOBULINEMIA (see the Hyperproteinemia section and Table 7.3)
HYPOGLOBULINEMIA (see the Hypoproteinemia section and Table 7.4)
ALBUMIN:GLOBULINS (A:G) RATIO
POSITIVE ACUTE‐PHASE PROTEINS (PAPPs)
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
PATTERNS OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MAJOR DYSPROTEINEMIAS
COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE (COP) (ONCOTIC PRESSURE)
References
Chapter 8: URINARY SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE, INSUFFICIENCY, OR FAILURE
ACUTE RENAL INJURY, IMPAIRMENT, OR FAILURE
STAGING OF CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE IN DOGS AND CATS BY THE INTERNATIONAL RENAL INTEREST SOCIETY (IRIS)
AZOTEMIA AND UREMIA
UREA NITROGEN (UN) CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OR PLASMA
CREATININE (Crt) CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OR PLASMA
UREA NITROGEN (UN) CONCENTRATION VERSUS CREATININE (Crt) CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OR PLASMA
RENAL CREATININE (Crt) CLEARANCE RATE
RENAL IOHEXOL CLEARANCE RATE
SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE (SDMA) CONCENTRATION IN SERUM OR PLASMA
ABNORMAL ROUTINE SERUM OR PLASMA CHEMISTRY RESULTS IN AZOTEMIC ANIMALS
MAJOR URINALYSIS (UA) CONCEPTS
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE
CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE (QUALITATIVE OR SEMIQUANTITATIVE)
URINE SEDIMENT EXAMINATION
EXAMINATION OF SUSPENDED ELEMENTS BY OTHER METHODS
QUANTITATIVE URINALYSIS
H2O DEPRIVATION AND ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) RESPONSE TESTS IN ANIMALS WITH POLYURIA AND POLYDIPSIA (PU/PD)
UROLITH ANALYSIS
References
Chapter 9: MONOVALENT ELECTROLYTES AND OSMOLALITY
BASIC CONCEPTS FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS
SODIUM (Na+) CONCENTRATION
POTASSIUM (K+) CONCENTRATION
SODIUM TO POTASSIUM (Na+:K+) RATIO
CHLORIDE (Cl−) CONCENTRATION
BICARBONATE (HCO3−) AND TOTAL CARBON DIOXIDE (tCO2) CONCENTRATIONS
ANION GAP
LACTATE CONCENTRATION (L‐LACTATE AND D‐LACTATE)
β‐HYDROXYBUTYRATE (BHB) AND ACETOACETATE (AcAc) CONCENTRATIONS
OSMOLALITY, OSMOLARITY, AND OSMOLE GAP
References
Chapter 10: BLOOD GASES, BLOOD pH, AND STRONG‐ION DIFFERENCE
DEFINITIONS
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS
ACID‐BASE ABNORMALITIES (using traditional definitions from Henderson–Hasselbalch equation)
HYPOXEMIA AND HYPOXIA
STRONG‐ION DIFFERENCE (SID) AND STEWART’S METHOD OF ACID‐BASE ANALYSIS
References
Chapter 11: CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM, AND THEIR REGULATORY HORMONES
TOTAL AND FREE CALCIUM (tCa2+, fCa2+) CONCENTRATIONS
INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS (Pi) CONCENTRATION
TOTAL AND FREE MAGNESIUM (tMg2+, fMg2+) CONCENTRATIONS
PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) CONCENTRATION
PARATHYROID HORMONE–RELATED PROTEIN (PTHrP) CONCENTRATION
VITAMIN D CONCENTRATION
CALCITONIN CONCENTRATION
MAJOR PATTERNS FOR CALCIUM (Ca2+) AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS (Pi) DISORDERS
References
Chapter 12: SELECTED ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND ENZYMATIC PROTEINS
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY
ALANINE TRANSAMINASE (ALT) (SYNONYM ABBREVIATION: GPT)
ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE (AST) (SYNONYM ABBREVIATION: GOT)
L‐LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LD) (ALSO ABBREVIATED LDH)
L‐IDITOL 2‐DEHYDROGENASE (ID) (SYNONYM: SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE, SDH)
GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE (GMD) (ALSO ABBREVIATED GD, GDH, GLD, and GLDH)
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP)
γ‐GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE (GGT) (SYNONYM ABBREVIATION: GGTP)
CREATINE KINASE (CK)
α‐AMYLASE
LIPASE
THYMIDINE KINASE (TK)
OTHER SERUM ENZYMES
References
Chapter 13: HEPATOBILIARY FUNCTION
HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE AND HEPATIC INSUFFICIENCY
SUMMARY OF ABNORMAL LABORATORY TEST RESULTS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC DISEASE
BILIRUBIN CONCENTRATION
BILE ACID (BA) CONCENTRATION37
AMMONIUM (NH4+) CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA
DYE‐EXCRETION TESTS
References
Chapter 14: GLUCOSE, KETOAMINES, AND RELATED REGULATORY HORMONES (INSULIN, GLUCAGON, GROWTH HORMONE, AND INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTORS‐1 AND 2)
GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN SERUM, PLASMA, OR WHOLE BLOOD
KETOAMINES: FRUCTOSAMINE AND GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN
IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN (IRI) CONCENTRATION
IMMUNOREACTIVE GLUCAGON (IRG) CONCENTRATION
GROWTH HORMONE (GH) CONCENTRATION
INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTOR‐1 (IGF‐1) CONCENTRATION
INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTOR‐2 (IGF‐2) CONCENTRATION
References
Chapter 15: EXOCRINE PANCREATIC AND INTESTINAL FUNCTIONS
EXOCRINE PANCREATIC AND INTESTINAL ABSORPTIVE MALFUNCTIONS
TRYPSIN‐LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY (TLI) CONCENTRATION IN DOGS, CATS, AND HORSES
PANCREATIC LIPASE IMMUNOREACTIVITY (PLI) CONCENTRATION IN DOGS AND CATS
COBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12) CONCENTRATION IN DOGS, CATS, AND CATTLE
FOLATE CONCENTRATION IN DOGS AND CATS
INTERPRETATION OF CONCURRENT TLI, PLI, COBALAMIN, AND FOLATE DATA
α1‐PROTEINASE INHIBITOR (α1‐PI) CONCENTRATION IN DOGS AND CATS
D‐XYLOSE ABSORPTION TEST IN DOGS, CATS, AND HORSES
GLUCOSE ABSORPTION TEST IN HORSES
LACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN HORSES
SUCROSE CONCENTRATION IN DOGS AND HORSES
OTHER METHODS OF EVALUATING DIGESTIVE OR ABSORPTIVE FUNCTIONS
References
Chapter 16: LIPIDS
LIPIDS
OVERVIEW OF LIPOPROTEINS
CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION
TRIGLYCERIDE (TG) (TRIACYLGLYCEROL) CONCENTRATION
NONESTERIFIED FATTY ACID (NEFA) CONCENTRATION
HYPERLIPEMIA, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA DISORDERS
OTHER ASSESSMENTS OF LIPIDS
References
Chapter 17: THYROID FUNCTION
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS
THYROXINE (T4) CONCENTRATION
TOTAL TRIIODOTHYRONINE (tT3) AND FREE TRIIODOTHYRONINE (fT3) CONCENTRATIONS
THYROID‐STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) CONCENTRATION
AUTOANTIBODIES
RESPONSE AND SUPPRESSION TESTS
TOTAL THYROXINE TO THYROID‐STIMULATING HORMONE (tT4:TSH) AND FREE THYROXINE TO THYROID‐STIMULATING HORMONE (fT4:TSH) RATIOS IN DOGS
INTERPRETATION OF THYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS AND PROFILES
References
Chapter 18: ADRENAL GLAND
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES
ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS
CORTISOL CONCENTRATION
URINE CORTISOL (CORTICOID)‐TO‐CREATININE (UCC) RATIO
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) CONCENTRATION
PLASMA CORTISOL-TO-ACTH RATIO
SUPPRESSION AND STIMULATION TESTS FOR ASSESSING ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES
COMBINED DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION–ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) STIMULATION (RESPONSE) TEST
ALDOSTERONE CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATIONS OF ADRENAL SEX AND INTERMEDIATE HORMONES
THORN TEST AND MODIFIED THORN TEST
CATECHOLAMINES (EPINEPHRINE, NOREPINEPHRINE) AND THEIR METABOLITES (METANEPHRINE, NORMETANEPHRINE)
References
Chapter 19: PERITONEAL, PLEURAL, AND PERICARDIAL EFFUSIONS
GENERAL CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
PATHOGENESES OF CAVITARY EFFUSIONS
ROUTINE ANALYSIS OF PLEURAL AND PERITONEAL FLUID
SELECTED ANALYSES FOR PLEURAL AND PERITONEAL EFFUSIONS
COMMENTS ABOUT SPECIFIC EFFUSIONS
References
Chapter 20: SYNOVIAL FLUID
GENERAL CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL EFFUSIONS
PATHOGENESES OF SYNOVIAL EFFUSIONS
ROUTINE ANALYSIS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID
SELECTED ANCILLARY ANALYSES FOR SYNOVIAL EFFUSIONS
COMMENTS ABOUT SPECIFIC TYPES OF ARTHROPATHIES
References
Chapter 21: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES AND GENERAL CONCEPTS
SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PROCESSING
ROUTINE CSF ANALYSIS
COMMENTS ABOUT SELECTED CSF PATTERNS
OTHER SELECTED ANALYSES
References
Appendix A: THE COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT AND BLOOD SMEAR EVALUATION
Reference
INDEX