Internetové knihkupectví s veterinární tématikou
Použití zvířecích modelů v současné výzkumné praxi je naprosto nepostradatelná záležitost a tvoří nedílnou součást testování nových farmaceutických přípravků a preparátů před jejich použití v klinické praxi. O jejich výsledky se opírají výzkumy přípravků, které jsou poté použity v humánní medicíně. Jsou také zdrojem informací v dalších biomedicínských oborech. Kolektiv autorů v této publikaci pokrývají všechny aspekty preklinického zobrazování malých zvířat od zahájení výzkumného programu až po analýzu zobrazovacích dat a metod. Používané metody zahrnují nejen poznatky o ionizujícím záření, hybridní zobrazování a zobrazovacích činidlech. Uvedeny jsou metody o kterých jsem pouze slýchával a považoval jsem je za metodiky z učebnic sci-fi, o kterých jsem diskutovali pouze v kavárencko-anarchistických kroužcích. Publikace poskytuje praktické informace o současném etickém pohledu na manipulaci se zvířaty v průběhu výzkumných programů a projektů. Tyto informace jsou důležité při projektování výzkumu zobrazovacích metod u malých zvířat. V publikaci jsou osvětleny známé metody kvantifikace zobrazovacích metod. V publikaci je řešeno široké spektrum onemocnění a jejich lokalizace, při kterých se uplatňují zobrazovací metody a terapie. Především v kardiologii byl zaznamenán ohromný vývoj při diagnostice a terapii srdečních onemocnění.
Autor: George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos
Nakladatel | CRC Press |
---|---|
ISBN | 9781466555686 |
Vydání | 2016 |
Vazba | pevná |
Počet stran | 601 |
The use of small animal models in basic and preclinical sciences constitutes an integral part of testing new pharmaceutical agents prior to their application in clinical practice. New imaging and therapeutic approaches need to be tested and validated first in animals before application to humans.
Handbook of Small Animal Imaging: Preclinical Imaging, Therapy, and Applications collects the latest information about various imaging and therapeutic technologies used in preclinical research into a single source. Useful to established researchers as well as newcomers to the field, this handbook shows readers how to exploit and integrate these imaging and treatment modalities and techniques into their own research.
The book first presents introductory material on small animal imaging, therapy, and research ethics. It next covers ionizing radiation and nonionizing radiation methods in small animal imaging, hybrid imaging, and imaging agents. The book then addresses therapeutic research platforms and image quantification, explaining how to ensure accurate measurements of high-quality data. It concludes with an overview of many small animal imaging and therapy applications that demonstrate the strength of the techniques in biomedical fields.
· Covers all aspects of preclinical imaging, from initiating a research program using animals to analyzing imaging data and methods
· Provides practical information on animal ethics, models, and handling to assist researchers in planning and executing their small animal imaging studies
· Explains how to measure and quantify images
· Explores a broad spectrum of disease types and disease sites where small animal imaging and therapy are currently applied, including cardiovascular disease and intracellular targets
Autors: George C. Kagadis, PhD, FAAPM, is an associate professor of medical physics and medical informatics at the University of Patras. He also holds an adjunct assistant professor appointment at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. He is a Greek State Scholarship Foundation grantee, a Fulbright research scholar, and a fellow of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). He has authored about 80 journal papers and presented at more than 20 conferences. He received his PhD in medical physics from the University of Patras. His current research interests focus on medical image processing and analysis, studies in molecular imaging, IHE, and CAD applications.
Nancy L. Ford, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Oral, Biological and Medical Sciences and the director of the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia. She is a full member of the AAPM and an associate editor of Medical Physics. She publishes in journals on medical physics, radiology, and dental science. She received her PhD in medical biophysics from the University of Western Ontario. Her research focuses on preclinical micro-computed tomography imaging and image-based analysis, primarily studying models of respiratory diseases, along with CBCT and MSCT for medical and dental applications.
Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, PhD, EBIR, is an associate professor of interventional radiology at the University of Patras. He is a fellow of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and a member of the Hellenic Radiology Society, the Hellenic Society of Interventional Radiology, and the Western Greece Radiology Society. He has been involved as a participant/principal investigator in several national/international research projects and has published 122 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He received his PhD from the School of Medicine, University of Patras. His research interests include angiogenesis in malignant and benign diseases, the augmentation of arteriogenesis in critical limb ischemia, endothelial hyperplasia inhibition after endovascular procedures, and ureteral obstructive diseases.
George K. Loudos, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Technological Educational Institute of Athens. He has published 89 articles in international journals and more than 200 papers in conference proceedings. He received his PhD in biomedical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens. His research interests focus on molecular imaging using nuclear medicine techniques and medical instrumentation. He strongly supports interdisciplinary cooperation and education in the field of nanomedicine and molecular imaging
INTRODUCTION TO SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING, THERAPY, AND APPLICATIONS | 3 |
Defining Small Animal Imaging, Therapy, and Applications Nancy L. Ford, George K. Loudos, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, and George C. Kagadis | 3 |
Definitions | 3 |
Book Content | 4 |
Future Directions of Small Animal Imaging and Therapy in Translational Medicine | 5 |
Ethics and Regulations for Research with Animals William R. Hendee | 7 |
Animal Care: Introduction | 18 |
Housing | 19 |
Handling | 20 |
Administration of Substances | 20 |
Transportation | 21 |
Diseases Transmission Concerns | 21 |
Animal Preparation and Supportive Care of Anesthesia | 22 |
Fasting | 22 |
Injections of Anesthetics and Contrast Agents | 22 |
Supportive Care | 24 |
Heat | 24 |
Fluids | 25 |
Oxygen | 25 |
Eye Lubrication | 25 |
Analgesia | 26 |
Anesthesia | 26 |
Animal Welfare Concerns | 31 |
Future of Small Animal Imaging | 32 |
Preclinical Models Irene Cuadrado, Jesús Egido, Jose Luis Zamorano, and Carlos Zaragoza | 35 |
Preclinical Models in Biomedical Research | 36 |
Animal Models of Atherosclerosis | 36 |
Animal Models of Atherothrombotic Aneurysms | 38 |
Animal Models of Heart Failure | 40 |
Animal Models in Cancer Research | 41 |
Animal Models of Neurodegenarative Diseasse | 42 |
Conclusions | 43 |
SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING: IONIZING RADIATION | 51 |
Microcomputed Tomography Nancy L. Ford | 51 |
Basic Principles of Microcomputed Tomography | 52 |
Image Formation | 53 |
Image Reconstruction | 54 |
Image-Based Analysis | 56 |
Optimalization of Image Acqusistion | 56 |
Specimen Imaging | 57 |
In Vivo Imaging | 59 |
Aplications | 64 |
Digital Subtracted Angiography of Small Animals Stavros Spiliopoulos, George C. Kagadis, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, G. Allan Johnson, and Cristian Badea | 67 |
Introduction | 67 |
Animal Preparation adn Anesthesia | 68 |
Imaging Instrumentation and Vascular Access | 69 |
Image Acquisition Techniques and Applications | 71 |
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Matthew A. Lewis | 77 |
Introduction | 77 |
Physics | 78 |
Image Formation | 84 |
Systems | 85 |
Example Applications | 89 |
Future Perspectives | 91 |
Positron Emission Tomography Vesna Sossi and Matthew Walker | 99 |
Introduction to Positron Emissind Tomography | 100 |
Physic Principles of PET | 100 |
PET Detectors and Camera Design | 107 |
Impact of Software Development on Image Quality and Quantification Accuracy | 109 |
SMALL ANIMAL IMAGING: NONIONIZING RADIATION | 121 |
MR Imaging Dmitri Artemov | 121 |
Physical Principles of Magentic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 122 |
Contrast Mechanisms in MR Imaging | 126 |
Technical Aspects and Instrumentation for MR Imaging in Small Animals | 130 |
Examples of MRI/MRSI Applications in Small Animals | 133 |
Discussion and Conclusions | 136 |
Acknowldgments | 137 |
References | 137 |
Optical Imaging Matthew A. Lewis | 141 |
Introduction | 142 |
Classifications | 142 |
Data Acquisition | 142 |
Mathematical Models | 144 |
Commercial Preclinical Opitacal Imaging Systems | 155 |
Hybrid Modalities | 156 |
Futher information | 157 |
References | 157 |
HYBRID IMAGING | 167 |
Optical-CT Imaging Xueli Chen, Dongmei Chen, FengLin Liu, Wenxiang Cong, Ge Wang, and Jimin Liang | 167 |
Introduction | 168 |
Hybrid Imaging Systém Design | 170 |
BLT Image Reconstruction | 171 |
POT Image Reconstriction | 176 |
Other Optical Tomography Modalites | 179 |
Acknowledgments | 181 |
References | 181 |
PET/CT Mohammad Reza Ay and Nafiseh Ghazanfari | 187 |
Introduction to Combining MRI with PET Volkmar Schulz, Jakob Wehner, and Yannick Berker | 205 |
Chalanges and Benefits of MRI-PET | 207 |
First Challenge: Electromagnetic Interference | 209 |
Second Challenge: MRI-PET Systém Integration | 218 |
Third Challenge: PET Attenuation Correction in MRI-PET | 225 |
A Potential Benefit: Positron Range Effects in MRI-PET | 228 |
References | 231 |
Exotic Imaging Approaches Maria Koutsoupidou and Irene S. Karanasiou | 233 |
Imaging Principles | 234 |
Methods and Technology | 235 |
Current Applications | 238 |
Conclusions and Future Prospects | 242 |
References | 243 |
IMAGING AGENTS | 249 |
X-Ray, MRI, and Ultrasound Agents: Basic Principles Michael F. Tweedle, Krishan Kumar, and Michael V. Knopp | 249 |
X-Ray Contrast Agents | 250 |
MRI Contrast Agents | 257 |
Ultrasound Contrast Agents | 268 |
References | 273 |
Radiochemistry for Preclinical Imaging Studies Sven Macholl and Matthias Glaser | 277 |
Radiotracer Design | 278 |
SPECT Radiotraces for Preclinical Imaging | 279 |
PET Radiotracers for Preclinical Imaging | 296 |
Quality Control of Radiotracers | 308 |
New Radiochemistry Approaches and Techniques | 308 |
Acknowledgment | 309 |
Disclosure Statesment | 309 |
References | 309 |
Molecular Targets and Optical Probes Eleni K. Efthimiadou and George Kordas | 315 |
Nanoparticles as Imaging Agents | 315 |
Inorganic Nanopaticles | 317 |
Bio-Functionalization of NPs | 321 |
Toxicity of NPs | 323 |
References | 324 |
THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH PLATFORMS | 329 |
Developing Technologies for Small Animal Radiotherapy Frank Verhaegen, James Stewart, and David Jaffray | 329 |
Need for Small Animal Precision Radiotherapy | 330 |
Experimental Animal Radiation Wok before the Advent of Precision | 332 |
Requrments for Precision Image-Guided Small Animal Radiation Reserch Platforms | 334 |
Recent Developments in Precision Small Animal Radiotherapy | 337 |
Commissioning Small Animal Radiation Platforms | 344 |
Nex Developments and Research with Small Animal Platforms | 346 |
References | 348 |
Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation in Small Animal Imaging Michael G. Stabin | 353 |
Fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry | 353 |
Biological Effects from Radiation Exposures: Type of Effects, Relation to Dose Levels, Experience | 355 |
Radiation Dosimetry for Nuclear Medicine Imaging (SPECT, PET) | 356 |
Radiation Dosimetry for CT Imaging | 359 |
Combined Dosimetry for PET/CT and SPECT/CT Imaging | 360 |
CT and Pharmaceutical Dosimetry for Small Animals | 361 |
References | 363 |
Treatment Planning for Small Animals Frank Verhaegen | 365 |
Introduction | 366 |
Specific Issues for Small Animal Radiation Dose Calculation | 366 |
Imaging Information Needed for Treatment Planning | 368 |
Dose Calculation Models for Small Animals | 371 |
Issues Related to Treatment Planning for Small Animals | 376 |
Dose Verification | 379 |
Future Developments | 381 |
References | 382 |
Radiolabeled Agents for Molecular Imaging and/or Therapy Dimitrios Psimadas and Eirini A. Fragogeorgi | 385 |
Radilabeling | 387 |
Monoclonal Antibodies | 388 |
Small Regulatory Pepides | 394 |
References | 403 |
IMAGE QUANTIFICATION | 409 |
Quantification in Nuclear Preclinical Imaging | 409 |
Performance Assessment of Small Animal Imaging Systems and Common Standards | 423 |
Monte Carlo Simulations in Imaging and Therapy | 435 |
Quantification in Nuclear Preclinical Imaging Istvan Szanda | 409 |
Introduction | 410 |
Biological Aspects of Quantification | 411 |
Technological Aspects of Quantification | 413 |
Image Analysis Aspects of Quantification | 418 |
Conclusion and Final Remarks | 421 |
Acknowledgments | 421 |
References | 421 |
Performance Assessment of Small Animal Imaging Systems and Common Standards Nancy L. Ford | 426 |
Monte Carlo Simulations in Imaging and Therapy Panagiotis Papadimitroulas, George C. Kagadis, and George K. Loudos | 435 |
Monte Carlo Simulations | 436 |
Computational Small Animal Models | 438 |
Preclinical Systems | 441 |
Monte Carlo Applications | 443 |
Discussion | 446 |
References | 447 |
APPLICATIONS | 453 |
Small Animal Imaging and Therapy: How They Affect Patient Care Lawrence W. Dobrucki | 453 |
Small Animal Imaging in the Development of a New Generation of Therapeutics | 454 |
Development of Molecular Imaging Probes Used in the Clinc | 459 |
Future Directions | 461 |
References | 461 |
Applications for Drug Development Jeßica Kalra, Donald T. Yapp, Murray Webb, and Marcel B. Bally | 463 |
A History of Animal Models Used in Drug Development | 464 |
The Drug Discovery Process and Small Animal Imaging | 465 |
Conclusiont and Future Perspectives | 481 |
Conclusions | 482 |
References | 483 |
Imaging of Intracellular Targets Veerle Kersemans | 487 |
Introduction to Intracelular Target for Molecular Imaging | 488 |
Mechanisms to Target Intracellular Moieties and Their Applications | 492 |
Call Labeling and Tracking | 499 |
Reporter Genes in Preclinical Imaging | 500 |
Theranostics | 503 |
Summary | 504 |
References | 504 |
Imaging of Cell Trafficking and Cell Tissue Homing Veerle Kersemans | 509 |
Introduction to Imaging of Cell Trafficking and Cell Tissue Homing | 510 |
Methods of Cell Labeling | 514 |
Difficulties | 518 |
Summary | 520 |
References | 520 |
Introduction | 528 |
Causes of Cardiovascular Diseaseas | 528 |
Imaging of Inflammation | 530 |
Imaging of Stenosis | 534 |
Imaging of Left Ventricular Remodeling | 535 |
Imaging of Cell Death | 541 |
Imaging fo Thrombosis | 543 |
Conclusions | 545 |
References | 546 |
Imaging Angiogenesis Lawrence W. Dobrucki | 549 |
Introduction | 550 |
Utilizaiton of Imaging Modalities | 555 |
Future Directions | 564 |
References | 564 |
Imaging of Hypoxia, Apoptosis, and Inflammation Stavros Spiliopoulos and Athanasios Diamantopoulos | 569 |
Introduction | 569 |
Imaging of Appotosis | 570 |
Imaging of Hypoxia | 573 |
Imaging of Inflammation | 574 |
References | 575 |
Vessel Wall Imaging Stavros Spiliopoulos | 579 |
Introduction | 579 |
Small Animal Vessel Wal Anatomy | 580 |
Conventional and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | 580 |
Moleculat Imaging | 582 |
Microcomputed Tomography (CT) and High-Frequency Ultrasound | 584 |
Plain X-Ray and Digital Subtraction Angiography | 585 |
References | 585 |
Index | 589 |