LAPAROSCOPY AND THORACOSCOPY IN THE DOG AND CAT

Andrea M. Pievaroli
Andrea M. Pievaroli graduated in 1992 from Università degli Studi in Milan.Since 1993 he has worked in Rome in a private referral clinic, mainly dealing with soft tissue surgery, minimally invasive surgery and orthopedics. He spent periods at the College of Veterinary Medicine of Michigan State University (USA), the College of Veterinary Medicine of Texas A&M University (USA), and the Animal Medical Center (NY, USA). Since 2000 he is particularly experienced in minimally invasive endoscopic surgery (Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy), cystoscopy and other endoscopic techniques. He is an instructor for minimally invasive endoscopic courses and has presented at national and international congresses and events. He is a member and liaison of VES (Veterinary Endoscopy Society) and secretary of SICMIV (Italian Society of Veterinary Mini-Invasive Surgery).

Roberto Properzi
Roberto Properzi is the author of several scientific articles, mainly in the surgical field.

He has presented numerous dissertations at specialized international conferences organized by VES, SICV, SIOVET, SICEV, SLEV, ASAEE and EVENDOC. He participated in four courses in Caceres (Spain) at the CCMIJU (Jesus Uson Minimally Invasive Surgery Center), in June 2009 and January 2011 as a student, in 2018 and 2022 as an instructor. He was a lecturer at the Master of Surgery in the years 2021-2022, at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Teramo. He mainly practices orthopedic and minimally invasive surgery and is particularly keen on laparoscopy, thoracoscopy and arthroscopy. He is an associate member of the following organizations: VES, ASAEE, EVENDOC, MINIMAL, SIOVET, SICV, SICMIV, SITOV, ESVOT, SLEV and SICEV. His hobbies are both the mountain, where he practices ski mountaineering and the sea, which sets sail with his motorboat. He loves beautiful company too.

J. Brad Case
J. Brad Case is a Professor of Small Animal, Minimally Invasive and Soft Tissue Surgery at the University of Florida. He obtained his DVM degree from The University of California, Davis. He did an internship in medicine and surgery at Texas A&M University. He then went on to complete a surgery residency and Master’s degree at Colorado State University. He has been a surgeon at the University of Florida since 2011. During this time, he has trained multiple surgery residents and minimally invasive surgery fellows. He has developed a vascular interventional service after training with University of Florida interventional radiologists. His translational research has been funded by the NIH and the Society of Thoracic surgeons which has led to the development of devices and procedures intended for use in humans with cardiovascular disease.

Francesco Collivignarelli
Francesco Collivignarelli graduated at the University of Perugia and started a Master’ s degree in Oncology and Oncologic Surgery at the University of Pisa and and a PhD from the University of Teramo. He did an Internship in Soft Tissue Surgery at University of Bristol Prof. Peter Holt (ECVS). After that he gained a fellowship in Oncologic Surgery at University of Torino under the supervision of Prof. Paolo Buracco (ECVS). He is the coauthor and collaborator of the book Advances in Small Animal Care vol.1 (Elsevier 2020). And also the author and coauthor of many scientific studies and scientific papers. He is often invited as guest speaker at national and international meetings. Since 2020° is the contract Professor at Master of Small Animal Surgery University of Teramo. He i s also a Lecturer at the Master of Diagnostic Image University of Teramo (2020 to date).Currenly is working as surgeon at Teaching Hospital at University of Teramo, and at AniCura at Policlinico Roma Sud. His field of interest are sentinel lymph node, minimally invasive surgery, oncologic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, oromaxillofacial oncologic surgery. He is the secretary of AIVPA, SICEV Italian associations for small animal. Professional CCR Diver

Section I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

1. HISTORY OF VETERINARY MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

Lynetta J. Freeman

Beagle ovariohysterectomy model

Open approach to the abdomen

Trocar and clip applier testing

Expansion of preclinical research and development

Early knowledge dissemination

Early clinical application

Veterinary Endoscopy Society

Advances in education

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery

Future of minimally invasive surgery in animals

2. LOW-IMPACT SURGERY

Luca Formaggini

3. EQUIPMENT FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

Fausto Brandão, Christopher J. Chamness

Imaging systems

Light sources

Light transmitting cables

Camera control units and camera heads

Insufflators

Documentation units

Surgical monitors

Instrumentation

Electrosurgery units and vessel-sealing technology

Accessory devices

Surgical tables and racks

Other accessory units and devices for laparoscopy and thoracoscopy

4. OPERATING ROOM AND HYGIENE MEASURES

Roberto Properzi, Francesco Collivignarelli

Considerations for a minimally invasive operating room

Basic ergonomic considerations

Operating room checklist

Preparation for open surgery

Hybrid rooms

Hygiene measures

Cleaning of hands

5. ERGONOMICS IN LAPAROSCOPY AND THORACOSCOPY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Domains of ergonomics

Operating room setup

Factors linked to musculoskeletal disorders

6. PRINCIPLES OF TRIANGULATION IN LAPAROSCOPY AND THORACOSCOPY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Mechanical constraints

Visual restrictions

Optimal position of the rigid endoscope (T1)

Optimal position of operative instruments (T2, T3)

Relationship between the endoscope and the working instruments

7. SINGLE-INCISION (SINGLE-PORT) LAPAROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Principles of single-port surgery

Instrumentation

Optics

Single-port access methods

Equipment-specific access methods

A. Insertion techniques for specifically manufactured single‐port devices

B. Insertion technique of standard trocars for single‐port entry

C. Innovative adaptations of existing equipment

8. LAPAROSCOPIC INTRACORPOREAL AND EXTRACORPOREAL SUTURING

M. A. Sánchez Hurtado, J. Gutiérrez del Sol, F. J. Pérez Duarte

Ergonomics

Instruments and equipment

Training in laparoscopic suturing

Suture materials

Types and patterns of laparoscopic suturing

Laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing

Laparoscopic extracorporeal suturing

Additional suturing and knot tying techniques

Robotic, articulated, and mechanical devices

How many turns and throws do I need?

Knot security in laparoscopic surgery

What is the best knotting configuration?

9. LEARNING AND ADVANCING MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY SKILLS

Boel A. Fransson

Basic psychomotor skills

Laparoscopic entry and basic procedure practice

Performing basic procedures in live animals

Advanced procedure training

10. INDOCYANINE GREEN INITIAL APPLICATIONS OF FLUORESCENCE-GUIDED SURGERY

Fausto Brandão, Constantin Vasile Ifteme

Fundamentals of NIR/ICG

Imaging technology

Procedure principles

Clinical applications

Case examples

Section II. LAPAROSCOPY

11. ANESTHESIA IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

Alessandra Malavasi

Anesthetic management

Postoperative management

Complications

Clinical cases

11.1 Hypotension and bradycardia at pneumoperitoneum induction in a female dog

Samuele Venuta

12. PATIENT POSITIONING, ACCESS, PORT PLACEMENT, AND PNEUMOPERITONEUM IN LAPAROSCOPY

Roberto Properzi

Patient positioning

Laparoscopic access and port placement

Pneumoperitoneum

13. COMPLICATIONS IN LAPAROSCOPY

Francesco Collivignarelli

Anatomical knowledge

Closed entry with the Veress needle technique

Open entry techniques

Laparoscopic access complications

Intraoperative complications and conversion to open techniques

Postoperative complications

14. EXPLORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY

Christopher B. Thomson, Ameet Singh

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

A. Abdominal exploration

B. Liver and gallbladder evaluation and biopsy

C. Kidney and adrenal gland evaluation and biopsy

D. Pancreas evaluation and biopsy

E. Spleen evaluation and biopsy

F. Lymph node evaluation and biopsy

G. Gastrointestinal tract evaluation and biopsy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

14.1 Cisterna chyli ablation

David García Rubio

14.2 Laparoscopic intraperitoneal foreign

body retrieval (two-port technique)

Erin A. Gibson, William T. N. Culp

14.3 Laparoscopic exploration in a cat

Antoine Adam

14.4 Laparoscopic treatment of hemoabdomen

Michael Brückner

14.5 Minimally invasive abdominal approach to subcostal foreign body removal

Matteo Balestrieri, Boris Dalpozzo

14.6 Laparoscopic repositioning of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter

Michael Brückner

14.7 Laparoscopic liver biopsy

Enrico Sponza, Francesca Molinari

15. LAPAROSCOPIC OVARIECTOMY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Two-port ovariectomy

B. Three-port ovariectomy

C. Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

15.1 Ovariectomy by transvaginal total NOTES.

Maurício Veloso Brun, Marco Augusto Machado-Silva

15.2 Two-port laparoscopic ovariectomy in the cat

Antoine Adam

15.3 Laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog with type III sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis

Michael Brückner

15.4 Laparoscopic ovariectomy in large- and giant-breed dogs

Paolo Boschi, Roberto Properzi

15.5 Two-port laparoscopic ovariectomy without ovary suspension suture in a female dog

Giovanni Allevi

15.6 Laparoscopic ovariectomy in an African lioness (Panthera leo) using a single-port

multiple-access device

Mathieu Manassero

15.7 LESS ovariectomy using a simple

handmade access device

Marco Augusto Machado Silva, Maurício Veloso Brun

16. LAPAROSCOPY FOR OVARIAN REMNANT SYNDROME

J. Brad Case

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

16.1 Ovarian remnant syndrome after laparoscopic ovariectomy in a cat

Paolo Boschi, Roberto Properzi

16.2 Ovarian remnant syndrome in a dog

Ivan Jevtic

17. LAPAROSCOPIC OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Two-port ovariohysterectomy

B. Three-port ovariohysterectomy

Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy for ovarian or uterine pathologies

Postoperative management

18. LAPAROSCOPIC CRYPTORCHIDECTOMY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Two-port laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy

B. Single-port laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

18.1 Testicular torsion in a cryptorchid dog

Andrea M. Pievaroli

18.2 Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy

D. L. Casas García

19. LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED CYSTOSCOPY AND PERCUTANEOUS SUPRAPUBIC CYSTOSCOPY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Laparoscopic-assisted cystoscopy

B. Percutaneous suprapubic cystoscopy or percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL)

C. Single-port percutaneous cystolithotomy

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

19.1 Percutaneous cystoscopic cystolithotomy in a Yorkshire Terrier

Christopher B. Thomson

19.2 Laparoscopic-assisted cystostomy in a Chihuahua

D. L. Casas García

20. LAPAROSCOPIC CYSTOTOMY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

21. LAPAROSCOPIC CYSTOPEXY

J. Brad Case

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

22. LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED VASOPEXY

Massimo Barilli

Patient preparation and positioning

Three-port laparoscopic-assisted vasopexy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

22.1 Laparoscopic reversible neutering in a dog

Roberto Giaconella, Emanuela Vitali, Veronica Giaconella

23. LAPAROSCOPIC URETERONEPHRECTOMY

Roberto Properzi

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

23.1 Laparoscopic omentalization of a renal cyst

Michael Brückner

23.2 Laparoscopic perinephric pseudocyst resection

Justin B. Ganjei

23.3 Laparoscopic renal cyst deroofing, fulguration, and omentalization

Mathieu Manassero, Bastien Dekerle

24. CURRENT CONCEPTS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE NEPHROLITHOTOMY

Fausto Brandão

Described surgical procedures

Patient selection

Equipment

Operating room layout

Modified surgical-assisted nephrolithotomy technique

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

24.1 Nephron-sparing nephrotomy to remove large uroliths in dogs

Maurício Veloso Brun

24.2 Nephron-sparing nephrotomy for the treatment of Dioctophyme renale parasitosis

Maurício Veloso Brun

25. LAPAROSCOPIC APPROACH TO URETEROLITHIASIS

J. Gutiérrez del Sol, F. J. Pérez Duarte, M. A. Sánchez Hurtado

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

25.1 Ureterotomy for stone removal

David García Rubio

26. LAPAROSCOPIC NEOURETEROCYSTOSTOMY

Felipe Lillo

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

26.1 Laparoscopy-assisted cutaneous ureterostomy (LACU) in a canine patient with prostatic carcinoma

Giovanni Allevi

27. LAPAROSCOPIC ARTIFICIAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER (AUS) IMPLANTATION

F. J. Pérez Duarte, Maurici Batalla, M. A. Sánchez Hurtado, J. Gutiérrez del Sol

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

28. LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY

Felipe Lillo, Francesco Collivignarelli

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

29. LAPAROSCOPIC OMENTALIZATION OF PARAPROSTATIC CYSTS

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

29.1 Omentalization of a prostatic abscess

David García Rubio

29.2 Omentalization of a paraprostatic cyst in a dog

Massimo Barilli

30. LAPAROSCOPIC GASTROPEXY AND LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED GASTROPEXY

J. Brad Case, Roberto Properzi

Described surgical procedures

A. Intracorporeal laparoscopic gastropexy I

J. Brad Case

B. Intracorporeal laparoscopic gastropexy II

Roberto Properzi

C. Laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy

D. Single-port laparoscopic-assisted incisional gastropexy

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

30.1 Total laparoscopic sutureless gastropexy

with absorbable straps in dogs

Luca Lacitignola

30.2 Intracorporeally sutured laparoscopic gastropexy using an abdominal wall incision made at right angles to the rotation direction of the suturing needle

Motoki Kondo

30.3 Laparoscopic gastropexy in a dog

Antoine Adam

30.4 Total laparoscopic gastropexy (two-port technique using Endostitch)

Justin B. Ganjei

30.5 Treatment of lower esophageal sphincter incompetence in a cat using total laparoscopic gastropexy

Roberto Giaconella, Veronica Giaconella

31. LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED GASTROTOMY

Andrea M. Pievaroli

Patient preparation and positioning

A. Two-port laparoscopic-assisted gastrotomy

B. Single-port laparoscopic-assisted gastrotomy

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Postoperative management

32. SINGLE-PORT LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED INTESTINAL SURGERY

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

33. LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED COLOPEXY

Massimo Barilli

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Two-port laparoscopic-assisted colopexy

B. Three-port laparoscopic-assisted colopexy and vasopexy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

33.1 Totally laparoscopic colopexy in a cat

Andrea M. Pievaroli

33.2 Laparoscopic colopexy and ovariectomy in a dog

Christopher B. Thomson

34. LAPAROSCOPIC LIVER SURGERY

David García Rubio, Edoardo Poggi, Luciano Borghetti

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Right medial hepatectomy in a cat using a bipolar sealing device

B. Laparoscopic partial left lateral hepatectomy

C. Laparoscopic partial left medial hepatectomy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

34.1 Laparoscopic excisional liver biopsy in a dog

Przemysław Prza˛dka, Bartłomiej Liszka, Joanna Tunikowska, Stanisław Dzimira, Dariusz Patkowski

34.2 Laparoscopic excision of a hepatic cyst

and omentopexy in a Persian cat

Giovanni Allevi

35. LAPAROSCOPIC MICROWAVE ABLATION OF THE LIVER

J. Brad Case, Beau B. Toskich

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

36. LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Eric Monnet

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

A. Dissection from the cystic duct

B. Dissection from the apex of the gallbladder

C. Intraoperative cholangiogram

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

36.1 Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy technique in dogs

Jeffrey J. Runge, Joshua G. Becker

36.2 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intraoperative bile duct flushing for extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a dog

Hiroo Kanai

36.3 Cholecystectomy and bile duct flushing

Ikuya Ehara

36.4 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a dog using the subserosal layer dissection technique

Motoki Kondo

36.5 Cholecystectomy

David García Rubio

36.6 Cholecystectomy by three-port access and “cold” dissection

Maurício Veloso Brun

36.7 Cholecystectomy in a dog

F. J. Pérez Duarte, J. Gutiérrez del Sol, M. A. Sánchez Hurtado

36.8 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a dog

Ivan Jevtic

36.9 Fundus-first cholecystectomy

Christopher B. Thomson

37. LAPAROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF EXTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT

Francesco Collivignarelli, Roberto Properzi, Maurício Veloso Brun, Robson Pasquale

A. Laparoscopic treatment of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with cellophane band

Francesco Collivignarelli, Roberto Properzi

B. Laparoscopic treatment of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with ameroid constrictor

Maurício Veloso Brun, Robson Pasquale

Clinical cases

37.1 Splenocaval shunt

David García Rubio

37.2 Laparoscopic attenuation of a splenophrenic shunt in a dog

Edoardo Poggi, Luciano Borghetti, Francesca Izzo

37.3 Laparoscopic attenuation of a splenocaval shunt in a dog

Edoardo Poggi, Francesca Izzo, Luciano Borghetti

37.4 Laparoscopic attenuation of a left intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cat

Edoardo Poggi, Filippo Cinti, Francesca Izzo

37.5 Laparoscopic portosystemic shunt attenuation in a dog

F. J. Pérez Duarte, J. Gutiérrez del Sol, M. A. Sánchez Hurtado

38. LAPAROSCOPIC PANCREATIC SURGERY

S. A. van Nimwegen, F. O. Buishand, J. Kirpensteijn

Described surgical procedures

A. Three-port pancreatic biopsy

B. Three-port excision of pancreatic lesions, excluding lesions in the distal left pancreatic lobe

C. Three-port excision of pancreatic lesions in the distal left pancreatic lobe

D. Laparoscopic approach for insulinoma going beyond the pancreas

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

38.1 Pancreatectomy in a case of insulinoma

David García Rubio

38.2 Laparoscopic right lateral pancreatic lobectomy in a dog

Edoardo Poggi, Filippo Cinti, Francesca Izzo

38.3 Laparoscopic omentalization of a pancreatic cyst in a cat

Michael Brückner

39. LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY

Maurici Batalla

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

A. Multiport laparoscopic splenectomy

B. Single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy

C. Laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy

D. Hand-assisted splenectomy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

39.1 Laparoscopic splenectomy in a small dog

Andrea M. Pievaroli

39.2 Splenectomy

D. L. Casas García

39.3 Laparoscopic splenectomy for hemangiosarcoma

Fabien Collard

40. LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY

Francesco Collivignarelli, Felipe Lillo

Endocrine testing

Diagnostic imaging

Described surgical procedures

A. Adrenalectomy in sternal recumbency

B. Adrenalectomy in lateral recumbency

Postoperative management

C. Retroperitoneal adrenalectomy

Clinical cases

40.1 Right laparoscopic adrenalectomy

William T. N. Culp

40.2 Laparoscopic right adrenalectomy for adrenal adenocarcinoma in a dog

Hiroo Kanai

40.3 Right adrenalectomy in a Yorkshire Terrier dog

David García Rubio

40.4 Left adrenalectomy in a dog

Ikuya Ehara

40.5 Laparoscopic right adrenalectomy

Przemysław Przadka, Stanisław Dzimira, Agnieszka Antończyk, Łukasz Juźwiak, Bartłomiej Liszka

41. LAPAROSCOPIC DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIORRHAPHY

J. Brad Case, Maurício Veloso Brun

Described surgical procedures

A. Three-port laparoscopic diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy

B. Three-port gasless laparoscopic diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

41.1 Diaphragmatic hernia in a cat

David García Rubio

42. LAPAROSCOPIC HIATAL HERNIORRHAPHY

J. Brad Case

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

43. LAPAROSCOPIC INGUINAL HERNIORRHAPHY

Alexander Chernov

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

43.1 Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous herniorrhaphy in dogs using the PIRS technique and laparoscopic ovariectomy

Przemysław Przadka, Bartłomiej Liszka, Agnieszka Antończyk, Zdzisław Kiełbowicz, Dariusz Patkowski

43.2 Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous

inguinal herniorrhaphy

F. Martínez Gomariz, C. Sánchez, J. D. Carrillo

44. LAPAROSCOPIC PERINEAL HERNIORRHAPHY

Alexander Chernov

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

45. LAPAROSCOPIC PERITONEOPERICARDIAL HERNIORRHAPHY

Valery F. Scharf

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

45.1 Laparoscopic treatment of peritoneal- pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a puppy dog

Andrea M. Pievaroli

45.2 Laparoscopic repair of pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog

Hiroo Kanai

Section III. THORACOSCOPY

46. ANESTHESIA IN THORACOSCOPY

Elisa Bortolami

Indications for thoracoscopic procedures

Patient selection

Preoperative work-up

Patient stabilization

Patient preparation and positioning

Anesthesia

Analgesia

Visualization of the surgical field and lung separation

Pathophysiology of one-lung ventilation

Management of ventilation

Complications during one-lung ventilation

Monitoring

3

Postoperative complications

Postoperative management

47. PATIENT POSITIONING, ACCESS, AND PORT PLACEMENT IN THORACOSCOPY

Roberto Properzi

Patient positioning

Thoracoscopic access and port placement

48. CONTRAINDICATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS IN THORACOSCOPY

J. Brad Case

Strategic avoidance of complications

Most frequent complications

Monitoring for complications

49. EXPLORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC THORACOSCOPY

Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo, Isabel López-Agudelo, Manuel Ramón González-Portillo, David Durán-Rey

A. Thoracoscopic exploration

B. Thoracic biopsy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

49.1 Thoracoscopy in combination with digestive endoscopy for the diagnosis of intrathoracic neoformations

Francesca Molinari, Enrico Sponza, Giacomo Federici

49.2 Gunshot wound to the chest cavity in a dog

Osichkin P. V., Kuznetsov P. A.

50. THORACOSCOPIC PERICARDIECTOMY

Roberto Bussadori, Andrea Pievaroli, Roberto Properzi, Deborah De Bastiani

A. Pericardial window in dorsal recumbency

B. Pericardial window in lateral recumbency

C. Subtotal pericardiectomy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

50.1 Two-port thoracoscopic pericardiectomy as a novel technique in flat-chested dogs with reduced thoracic working spaces

Andrea M. Pievaroli

50.2 Thoracoscopic subphrenic (subtotal) pericardiectomy

Giovanni Allevi

51. THORACOSCOPIC THORACIC DUCT LIGATION FOR TREATMENT OF CHYLOTHORAX

J. Brad Case

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

51.1 Bilateral en bloc thoracic duct ligation in combination with pericardiectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for idiopathic chylothorax in a dog

Hiroo Kanai

51.2 Thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation for idiopathic chylothorax

F. J. Pérez Duarte, J. Gutiérrez del Sol, M. A. Sánchez Hurtado

51.3 Thoracic duct ligation and pericardiectomy in a cat with chylothorax

Antoine Adam

51.4 Thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation and methylene blue coloration of mesenteric lymph nodes to confirm occlusion

Leonardo Cavaliere, Flavia Catanzaro

51.5 Endoscopic-assisted surgery for idiopathic chylothorax in a domestic shorthair cat

Yi Fu Chang, Ming Ju Huang

51.6 Chylothorax associated with a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog

Andrea M. Pievaroli

52. THORACOSCOPIC APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF PYOTHORAX

Eric Monnet

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

53. THORACOSCOPIC LUNG LOBECTOMY

Philipp D. Mayhew, Andrea Pievaroli, Roberto Properzi, Francesco Collivignarelli

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

A. Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy

B. Thoracoscopically assisted lung lobectomy

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

53.1 Hilar lung lobectomy

Ikuya Ehara

53.2 Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery pulmonary lobectomy

David García Rubio

53.3 Thoracoscopic lung lobectomy for lung lobe torsion

Roberto Bussadori, Deborah De Bastiani

53.4 Thoracoscopic lobectomy of the right middle lung lobe in a dog

Li-Ren Wang, Jung-Hsien Sun,Yi-Fu Chang

54. THORACOSCOPIC APPROACH TO VASCULAR RING ANOMALIES

J. Brad Case

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

54.1 Thoracoscopic approach combined with esophagoscopy for the surgical correction of a persistent right aortic arch

F. J. Pérez Duarte, J. Gutiérrez del Sol, M. A. Sánchez Hurtado

55. THORACOSCOPIC APPROACH TO MEDIASTINAL MASS EXCISION

J. Brad Case

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

55.1 Thoracoscopic mediastinal lymph node excision

Justin B. Ganjei

55.2 Thoracoscopic treatment in a cat with thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis

Francesca Izzo, Luciano Borghetti

55.3 Thoracoscopic resection of a cranial mediastinal mass in a dog

Li-Ren Wang, Jung-Hsien Sun

55.4 Thoracoscopic excision of a mediastinal ectopic thyroid carcinoma

Boris Dalpozzo

56. THORACOSCOPIC AURICULECTOMY

J. Brad Case

Described surgical procedures

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

Clinical cases

56.1 Thoracoscopic right auricular tumor excision using a four-port technique

Justin B. Ganjei

56.2 Surgical variation on auricular mass removal technique

Boris Dalpozzo

57. THORACOSCOPIC FOREIGN BODY REMOVAL

Boris Dalpozzo

Diagnosis

Preoperative considerations

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

58. THORACOSCOPIC PLACEMENT OF EPICARDIAL PACEMAKERS

Lucie Bonneau, Stéphane Libermann

Patient preparation and positioning

Operating room layout

Port placement

Procedure

Postoperative management

59. THORACOSCOPIC-ASSISTED PLEURAL PORT PLACEMENT

Francesco Collivignarelli, Kumiko Ishigaki

A. Pleural port placement following pericardiectomy

B. Pleural port placement for the management of malignant thoracic effusion
Postoperative management
Clinical cases
59.1 Pleural port implantation for the management of malignant pleural effusion due to metastatic mammary carcinoma in a dog
Giulia Dolce, Flavia Catanzaro