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Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments

Stručný popis

Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments: An Emerging Matter of Environmental Urgency comprehensively illustrates the traditional and advanced technologies on sampling, identification and quantification of microplastic from different environmental media. Contributors summarize and discuss recent research on microplastic and examine studies on nano-sized plastic particles. Chapters cover a full range of microplastic research, including global distribution, detection, environmental fate, biological effects and political legislation. Users will find the book to be a comprehensive overview of microplastic research that is ideal for research and understanding on the occurrence of microplastic in aquatic environments.

Autor: Dr. Eddy Y. Zeng is a Full Professor and Dean of the School of Environment, Jinan University, China. He received his B.S. degree from the University of Science and Technology of China in 1982, his M.S. degree from Sun Yat-sen University (China) in 1985, and his Ph.D. degree from the University of Southern California in 1992. He was employed by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project first as Senior Scientist and then Principal Scientist for a number of years, before returning to China in 2004. His research interests include but are not limited to 1) intercompartmental processes and fluxes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); 2) human exposure to persistent toxic substances and risk assessment; 3) occurrence and toxic effects of microplastics in terrestrial and aquatic environments; and 4) the utility of using passive sampler to measure freely dissolved concentrations of POPs in the aquatic environment. He is currently the Editor-in-Chief of Environmental Pollution, Associate Editor of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, and a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Environmental Science & Technology. He also served from time to time as Associate Editor of Science of the Total Environment, Journal of Hydrology, and Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, as well as an editorial member of Chemosphere.

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Základní informace

Nakladatel	Academic Press
ISBN	9780128137475
Vydání	2018
Vazba	brožovaná
Počet stran	424

Popis

Key Features
Provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for sampling, identification and enumeration of microplastics
Contains contributions from world experts with a diverse range of backgrounds, all brought together by a well-known, experienced editor
Presents information on microplastics in a unified place, with easy access for the reader

Obsah

Contributors	ix
1. Marine Microplastics: Abundance, Distribution, and Composition	1
1.1 Introduction	1
1.2 Abundance	3
1.3 Distribution	8
1.4 Composition by Size, Shape, and Polymer Type	13
1.5 Summary and Future Prospects	18
References	19
2. Limitations for Microplastic Quantification in the Ocean and Recommendations for Improvement and Standardization	27
2.1 Introduction	27
2.2 Sample Collection	29
2.3 Separation	31
2.4 Analysis	34
2.5 Quality Assurance/Quality Control	38
2.6 Conclusions	42
Acknowledgments	43
References	43
Further Reading	49
3. Microplastic Contamination in Freshwater Systems: Methodological Challenges, Occurrence and Sources	51
3.1 Introduction	51
3.2 Methodological Recommendations and Challenges	52
3.3 Review of Microplastics in Freshwater	61
3.4 Sources of Microplastics in Freshwater	79
3.5 Conclusions	87
References	88
4. Occurrence, Fate, and Effect of Microplastics in Freshwater Systems	95
4.1 Introduction	95
4.2 Sources of Microplastics	95
4.3 Occurrence of Microplastics in Freshwater Systems	99
4.4 Types of Microplastics Occurring in Freshwater Systems	102
4.5 Conditions Influencing the Quantity of Microplastics in the Environment	107
4.6 Factors Affecting Dispersal of Microplastics	110
4.7 Detecting and Quantifying Microplastics in the Environment	112
4.9 Impacts of Microplastics on Biota	115
4.8 Interactions Between Biota and Microplastics	119
4.10 Potential Interactions Between Microplastics and Humans	121
4.11 Conclusions and Considerations for Future Work	123
Acknowledgments	125
References	125
Further Reading	132
5. The Occurrence, Fate, and Effects of Microplastics in the Marine Environment	133
5.1 Introduction	133
5.2 Sources of Microplastics in the Marine Environment	138
5.3 Occurrence	139
5.4 Fate of Microplastics in the Marine Environment	146
5.5 Effects on Organisms	148
5.6 Recommendations	159
5.7 Conclusion	160
Acknowledgment	161
References	161
Further Reading	173
6. Behavior of Microplastics in Coastal Zones	175
6.1 Introduction	175
6.2 Physical Properties of Marine MP Particles	177
6.3 Dynamical Properties of MP Particles	196
6.4 Conclusions	212
References	214
Further Reading	223
7. Sorption of Toxic Chemicals on Microplastics	225
7.1 Introduction	225
7.2 Microplastics and Chemicals	226
7.3 Uptake of MPs in Marine Organisms	239
7.4 Conclusions	241
References	241
Further Reading	247
8. The Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Aquatic Organisms	249
8.1 Introduction	249
8.2 Microplastics as Part of an Aquatic Organism's Diet	252
8.3 Microplastics and Primary Producers	257
8.4 Potential Endocrine Disruption and Toxicity From Plasticizers and Other Additives	259
8.5 Pollutants Adhered to Microplastics	260
8.6 Conclusion	263
References	263
9. Chemicals Associated With Marine Plastic Debris and Microplastics: Analyses and Contaminant Levels	271
9.1 Introduction	272
9.2 Environmental Levels and Profiles of Chemicals in Marine Plastic Samples	288
9.3 Environmental Implications: Potential Sources and/or Vectors of Chemicals in the Marine Environment	308
References	310
10. Occurrence and Fate of Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment Plants	317
10.1 Introduction	317
10.2 Sampling, Pretreatment, and Analytical Method	318
10.3 Classification and Source of Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment Plants	323
10.4 Fate of Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment Plants	326
10.5 Discharge of Microplastics From Wastewater Treatment Plants	331
10.6 Conclusions	335
Acknowledgment	335
References	336
11. Microplastics in Marine Food Webs	339
11.3 intoduction	339
11.2 The Overlap Between Plastics and Biota	340
11.3 Encountering and Detection of Microplastics	344
11.4 Into the Food Webs	347
11.5 Alteration, Repackaging and Transport of Microplastics Within Marine Food Webs	352
11.6 Condusors	356
Funding	357
References	357
Further Reading	363
12. Microplastics in the Terrestrial Environment	365
12.1 Introduction	365
12.2 Occurence of MPs in the Terrestrial Environment	366
12.3 Bological Effects of MPs on Terrestrial Organisms	371
12.4 Contribution of Terrestrial Plastics to Marine MPs	372
12.5 Challenges Ahead	374
12.6 Outlooks and Suggestions	375
References	375
13. Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment	379
13.1 Introduction	379
13.2 Sources of Nanoparticles in the Aquatic Environment	379
13.3 Fragmentation and Degradation of Plastics	380
13.4 Toxicity of Nanoparticles When Reaching the Environment	383
13.5 Measurement of Nanoplastics in the Environment	386
13.6 Nanoplastic Effects on Organisms in the Aquatic Environment	386
13.7 Summary	395
References	396
Index	401