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Obesity in the Dog and Cat

Stručný popis

V roce 2018 obezita domácích zvířat v USA postihla odhadem 55,8 procent psů a 59,5 procent koček, což má za následek zdravotní komplikace jako artritida, diabetes mellitus, onemocnění ledvin a určité formy rakoviny. Kompletní a vyvážená strava doprovázená pravidelným cvičením je zásadní pro optimalizaci zdraví a dosažení dlouhověkosti společenských zvířat. Domácí mazlíčci s nadváhou mají totiž sníženou kvalitu života a kratší délku života. Tato publikace se zabývá tímto hlavním moderním problémem. Poskytuje komplexní přehled ucelených pozorování a poznatků o obezitě psů a koček.
Publikace poukazuje na faktory specifické pro zvířata, které přispívají k nadměrnému přírůstku hmotnosti. Autoři zde diskutují o metabolických účincích a zánětlivých mediátorech spojených s adipozitou. Zabývá se různými stavy a nemocemi, které souvisejí nebo se vyvíjejí v důsledku obezity. Poskytuje přehled o různých způsobech určení složení těla v diagnostice obezity. Nabízí klinický přístup ke zvládání obezity dietou, včetně diskuze o živinách, které jsou důležité pro terapeutické hubnutí. Pro praktiky, kteří se věnují výživě zvířat je publikace vítaným zdrojem informací od autorů z akademického i klinického prostředí. Kapitoly se zabývají tématy od epidemiologie a patofyziologie obezity po vyhodnocení složení těla a výživy a behaviorálního managementu. V publikace je popsána i role cvičení při terapii obezity a zabývá se zvládnutím komorbidit. V závěru publikace autoři představují řadu případových studií, které demonstrují tato témata v praxi.

Autor: Martha G. Cline, Maryanne Murphy

Cena s DPH:  asi 1419 Kč
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Základní informace
NakladatelTaylor & Francis
ISBN9781498741477
Vydání2019
Vazbabrožovaná
Počet stran219
Popis

As of 2018, pet obesity in the US affects an estimated 55.8 percent of dogs and 59.5 percent of cats, resulting in secondary conditions such as arthritis, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and certain forms of cancer. A complete and balanced diet accompanied by regular exercise is fundamental to optimize health and longevity in companion animals, meaning overweight pets have reduced quality of life and shorter life expectancy. Seeking to address this major modern-day problem, this book provides a comprehensive review of obesity in small animal medicine.
• Reviews epidemiology and how animal- and human-specific factors contribute to excess weight gain.
• Discusses the metabolic effects and inflammatory mediators associated with adiposity.
• Looks at various disease states and how they relate or develop as a result of obesity.
• Reviews different modalities to determine body composition to diagnose obesity.
• Offers a clinical approach to managing obesity with diet including discussion on the nutrients of concern for therapeutic weight loss diets.
Veterinarians seeking to provide weight management services in practice will find clinically-applicable information from expert authors from both academic and practice backgrounds. Chapters cover topics ranging from epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity to evaluation of body composition, and nutritional and behavioral management. The book also explores the role of exercise in managing obesity and looks at the management of co-morbidities. Finally, the authors present a range of case studies to demonstrate these topics in real-life practice.
Editor(s) Bio
Martha Cline gained her DVM at the University of Tennessee in 2010 and returned in 2011 to complete her residency in clinical nutrition. She joined the Red Bank Veterinary Hospital in 2013. Martha is a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition.
Maryanne Murphy gained her DVM at Iowa State University in 2008 and joined the University of Tennessee in 2009 to complete her residency in clinical nutrition and PhD with a focus on energy metabolism and satiety in lean and obese dogs. She joined the Red Bank Veterinary Hospital in 2014 and returned to the University of Tennessee as faculty in 2016. Maryanne is a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition.
Reviews
This is an indispensable guide for any veterinarian or veterinary technician interested in better understanding the disease of obesity. The authors reach far beyond the traditional clinical approach of, "Feed less, exercise more," and explore the current pathophysiology of obesity and emerging treatment options. Thoroughly researched and packed with practical advice, this is the textbook I wish I had twenty-five years ago. Highly recommended.
- Ernie Ward, DVM, CVFT, Founder, The Association for Pet Obesity Prevention
This book will be valuable for anyone managing obesity cases in practice as there is considerable practical information. I found the chapter on behavioral management of obesity especially useful. There is also good information on the pathophysiology and sequaela of obesity. By necessity, there is information from human obesity where we don't have sufficient information in dogs and cats; however, this points to useful areas for future research.
- Marge Chandler, DVM, MS, MANZCVS, DACVN, DACVIM-CA, MRCVS, Clinical Nutritionist at Vets Now Referrals, Co-Chair of the WSAVA Global Nutrition Committee, and Chair of the FEDIAF Scientific Advisory Board
Despite the growing prevalence of obesity in the pet population, a comprehensive book to provide veterinary professionals with the background to address the problem appropriately has been lacking. This book effectively fills that void. The authors have the advanced training to address the science of obesity and its management as well as the boots-on-the ground experience to customize the information to the practitioner audience and to understand the importance of offering a practical approach that is feasible for practitioners and pet owners. Each chapter begins with a list of subtopics followed by the material presented in clearly marked, concise sections, numbered for easy reference. The book has been well thought out to address the needs and potential questions of the audience. Clearly written, concise yet thorough, this book meets an important need for a practical veterinary resource for the understanding and clinical management of obesity in pet dogs and cats. Presented in a well-organized and easily-scanned format, this is an important reference for every small animal practice.
- Marcella Ridgway, VMD, MS, DACVIM,University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 3* Doody's Review, Aug 2019

Obsah
Epidemiology of Small Animal Obesity - Dr. Adronie Verbrugghe1
Definition1
Prevalence and time trends1
Risk factors2
Animal-specific factors2
Genetics and breed2
Age2
Gender a neutering2
Human-specific factors8
Diet type and feeding method8
Physical activity9
Owner attitudes abd household characteristics9
Conclusion10
References10
Pathophysiology of Obesity: Metabolic Effects and Inflammation Mediators - Angela Witzel17
Balancing energy expenditur and intake17
Evolutionary theories of obesity18
Regulation of appetite and food intake19
Central regulation of appetite19
Peripheral regulation of appetite20
Hedonic (pleasure) control of appetite21
Mechanisms of energy expenditure and metabolic control22
Inflamatory effects of obesity23
Endocrine functions of adipose tissue23
Obesity and inflammation25
Local inflamation25
Systemic inflamation25
Role of the microbiome in obesity25
Gut microbiota and obesity25
Utility of the gur microbiota in obesity management26
Dietary strategies26
Nondietary strategies26
Conclusion27
References27
Pathophysiology of Obesity: Co-Morbidties and Anesthetic Considerations - Valerie Parker, Elizabeth Orcutt, Lydia Love39
Introduction40
Obesity and life spain40
Obesity paradox40
Endocrine diseases42
Diabetes mellitus42
Canine diabetes mellitus42
Feline diabetes mellitus43
Hyperadrenocorticism44
Hypothyroidism44
Hyperlipidemia44
Cardiovascular and respirátory diseases45
Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular diseases45
Hypertension46
Collapsing trachea46
Renal and urinary disease46
Urinary disease48
Orthopedic and neurologic disease48
Orthopedic disease48
Neurologic disease49
Neoplasia49
Anesthetic considerations50
Obesity-induced alterations in physiology50
Respiratory pathophysiology50
Cardiovascular pathophysiology51
Other organ dysfunction52
Pharmacological differences in obesity52
Drug absorption52
Drug distribution52
Drug metabolism and elimination53
Conclusion53
References54
Evaluation of Body Composition to Diagnose Obesity - Charlotte Reinhard Bjørnvad, Lene Elisabeth Buelund63
Introduction64
Carcases analysis of body composition64
Imaging modalities to assess body composition66
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)66
Computer tomography (CT)68
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)68
Nonimaging-based modalities to assess body compostion70
Deuterium oxide dilution techniques70
Bioimpedance70
Estimating body composition in clinical setting71
Body weight71
Morphometric maesurements71
Body mass index (BMI)71
Novel morphometric equations71
Morphologic estimates73
Body condition scoring73
Canine and feline body fat index (BFI)74
Clinical recommendations for general practice75
Conclusion75
References75
Nutritional Management of Obesity - Martha G. Cline, Maryanne Murphy83
Patient evaluation84
Diagnosis of obesity84
Estimating target or ideal body weights84
Energy requirements for weight management85
Determing current caloric intake85
Determing caloric intake for weight loss88
Implementation of a treatment program89
Diet selection89
Macronutrients89
Diet form and energy density93
Portioning food for weight loss98
Setting treat guidelines99
Reevaluating the weight loss program100
Routine follow up100
Long-term succes101
References101
Conclusion101
Behavioral Management of Obesity - Deborah E. Linder107
Introduction107
The impact of owner perception on behavior and obesity108
Perception of obesity108
Understanding owner perceptions110
Integrating psychology and behavioral management into obesity treatment111
The discussion of pet obesity111
Information-based example11
Comparative example112
Emotional example112
Incorporating perception in the initial weight discussion112
Creating effective weight management plans by addressing emotional behaviors113
Considering the role of family dynamics in behavioral management of obesity114
Pairing pet and owner behavior for mutal success115
Conclusion117
References117
Role of Exercise in the Management of Obesity - Justin Shmalberg121
Introduction121
Exercise and risk of obesity122
Exercise in the management of human obesity122
Comorbidities, exercise, and obesity in dogs and cats123
Use of exercise in canine and feline obesity protocols124
Practical recommendations126
Conclusion126
References127
Establishing a Weight Management Program in Clinical Practice - Maryanne Murphy, Alexander J. German, Martha G. Cline133
Introduction133
Initial consultation134
Diet, aktivity and household history134
Resources used during initial consultation137
Quick tips137
Follow-up and recheck appointments137
Quick tips139
Maintenance appoitments140
Quick tips141
Getting the word out141
Quick tips146
The financial implications146
Quick tips148
Conclusion117
Appendix: Diet, aktivity and household history form149
Appendix: Client photograph release consent form156
Appendix: Treat allowance sheets157
Appendix: Weekly food diary159
References159
Case Examples - Moran Tal, Claudia Wong, Megan Shepherd, Lydia Love; Charlotte Reinhard Bjørnvad, Andrew McGlinchey, Martha Cline, Deborah E. Linder, Justin Shmalberg, Ashley Cox163
Succesfull weight loss and weight maintenace in a dachsuhund following intervertebral disk herniation surgery: the importance of risk factor assessment163
Morbid obesity in an adult female spayed springer spaniel169
Anesthetic concerns in the obese small animal patient174
Estimating degree of obesity for weight loss plainning in an obese domestic short hair cat180
Remission of diabetes mellitus following weight loss in a domestic short hair cat185
Behavioral management of obesity190
Caloric restriction, exercise and therapeutic weight loss during a novel protein diet trial193
Veterinary nurse involvement with weight loss plans202
Index209