Oncology for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses

Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Section Summary
About the Companion Website
Section 1: Basics of Oncology
Chapter 1: Introduction to Clinical Veterinary Oncology
What Is Cancer?
Communicating with Owners of Pets with Cancer
Specialist Veterinary Care
Chapter 2: Causes of Cancer in Pets
Epidemiology and Cancer
Causes of Cancer in Pets
Summary
Further Reading
Section 2: Approaching the Cancer Patient
Chapter 3: Diagnosis of Cancer
Tumor Cytology
Flow Cytometry
Tumor Histopathology
PCR for Receptor Antigen Rearrangements
Chapter 4: Staging of Cancer
The TNM System
Staging and Health
Serum Biochemistry Panel
Imaging
Ancillary Blood and Urine Testing
BRAF-Mutation Testing
Molecular Diagnostics and Screening Tests
Further Reading
Section 3: Treatment of Cancer
Chapter 5: General Principles of Veterinary Cancer Treatment
Goals of Treatment
Response to Cancer Treatment
Describing the Outlook with Statistics
Further Reading
Chapter 6: Surgery in Veterinary Oncology
Non-curative Intent Surgery
Amputation
Brain Surgery
Changing Instrument Packs
Further Reading
Chapter 7: Radiation Therapy
Types of Radiation Therapy
Treatment Goals in Radiotherapy
Nursing the Radiation Therapy Patient
Possible Tissues Injured and Possible Therapy
Further Reading
Chapter 8: Chemotherapy
How Does Chemotherapy Work?
Calculating a Dose of Chemotherapy
Dose Intensity
Chemotherapeutic Strategies in Veterinary Practice
Effects of the Body on Chemotherapy Drugs (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics)
Timing of Chemotherapy
Health and Beauty Care during Chemotherapy
Toxicity Following Chemotherapy
Practical Chemotherapy
Safe Chemotherapy Drug Handling
Intravenous Bolus Injections
Further Reading
Webliography
Chapter 9: Receptor Inhibitors and Small Molecule Inhibitors
Cell Surface Receptors
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Practical Aspects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy
Further Reading
Chapter 10: Immunotherapy
Introduction—What Is Immunotherapy?
Further Reading
Chapter 11: Intralesional Therapies
Introduction
Equine Sarcoids and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Tigilanol Tiglate
Further Reading
Chapter 12: Electrochemotherapy
Introduction
Further Reading
Chapter 13: Biotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy
Biologic Response Modifiers
Differentiating Agents
Photodynamic Therapy
Further Reading
Chapter 14: Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies
Warning Bells
Further Reading
Section 4: Supportive Care of Patients
Chapter 15: Comfort, Pain Management, and Physical Rehabilitation
The Multimodal Support Nursing Paradigm
Attitudes Toward Pain in Veterinary Nursing
Pharmacologic Analgesic Therapy
Nonpharmacologic Pain Management
Difficulties in Pain Management
Veterinary Physical Rehabilitation
Assessment of Limb Function
Therapeutic Exercises (or Active Physical Therapy)
Passive Physical Therapy
Electrical Stimulation and Therapeutic Ultrasound
Further Reading
Webliography
Chapter 16: Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Support
Nutritional Guidelines
Gastrointestinal Supportive Medications
Additional Nutritional Support
Strategies for Gastrointestinal Supportive Care in Critically III Cancer Patients
Supportive Care for Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Chemotherapy
Further Reading
Chapter 17: Hematologic Support
CBC Changes Associated with Cancer Treatment
Practical Tip
Managing Neutropenic Patients
Triage for Potentially Septic Patients
Further Reading
Webliography VCOG-CTCAE statement:
Chapter 18: Euthanasia and End-of-life Patient Care
The Euthanasia Procedure
When Euthanasia Is Not Wanted
Section 5: Support for Pet Owners and Caregivers
Chapter 19: Supporting the Patient’s Human Family
The Impact of a Cancer Diagnosis
The Human–Animal Bond
Grief and Loss
When a Pet Is Dying
Societal Attitudes
Counseling
Special Considerations for Children
Special Considerations for Elderly Pet Owners
Other Pets
Memorials
Communication
Improving Communications
Some Useful Communication Skills
When Communication Is Difficult
Managing Conflict in the Nurse–Owner Relationship
Further Reading
Chapter 20: What About the Nurse’s Emotional Experience?
Working as Part of a Team
Conflict in a Team
Ethical Considerations for the Nurse or Technician
Euthanasia
When You Disagree with a Pet Owner’s Decision
When Owners Are in Conflict
Nurturing the Technician/Nurse
The Role of Professional Counseling
Further Reading
Section 6: Oncologic Emergencies
Chapter 21: Hematologic Emergencies
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Further Reading
Chapter 22: Febrile Neutropenia
Diagnosis and Treatment
Further Reading
Chapter 23: Metabolic Emergencies
Hypercalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Further Reading
Chapter 24: Anaphylaxis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Further Reading
Chapter 25: Extravasation Injury
Diagnosis
Treatment
Further Reading
Chapter 26: Urological Emergencies
Acute Renal Failure
Hematuria
Further Reading
Chapter 27: Bone Emergencies
Pathologic Fracture
Hypertrophic Osteopathy
Further Reading
Chapter 28: Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade
Diagnosis
Further Reading
Section 7: Common Cancers in Veterinary Patients
Chapter 29: Lymphoma in Dogs
Overview
Diagnosis and Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 30: Lymphoma in Cats
Overview
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 31: Mast Cell Tumor in Dogs
Overview
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 32: Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs and Cats
Overview
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 33: Splenic Hemangiosarcoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 34: Osteosarcoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 35: Oral Melanoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 36: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 37: Histiocytic Sarcoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 38: Mammary Carcinoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 39: Mammary Carcinoma in Cats
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 40: Urothelial Carcinoma in Dogs
Overview
Diagnosis and Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 41: Pulmonary Carcinoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 42: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Chapter 43: Thyroid Carcinoma in Dogs
Overview
Staging
Nursing Highlights
Case Example
Further Reading
Section 8: Appendices
Appendix 1: BSA Conversion Charts
Appendix 2: Analgesics
Appendix 3: Antiemetics, Gastroprotectants, and Appetite Stimulants
Appendix 4: Antibiotics
Appendix 5: Glossary of Cancer Terms
Appendix 6: Chemotherapy Drug Information: Quick Reference
Actinomycin-D
BCNU
Bleomycin
Carboplatin
CCNU (Lomustine)
Chlorambucil
Cisplatin
Cyclophosphamide
Dacarbazine (DTIC)
Doxorubicin
Gemcitabine
Ifosfamide
L-asparaginase
Melphalan
Mitoxantrone
Procarbazine
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Vinorelbine
Index
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