Practical Guide to Laboratory Test Interpratation and Differential Diagnosis in Small Animals. Haematology and Biochemistry
Kolektiv autorů v tomto manuálu popisuje hlavní algoritmy používané pro diferenciální diagnostiku v oboru hematologie a biochemie na klinikách malých zvířat. Cílem této publikace je optimalizovat práci klinických veterinárních lékařů tím, že jim poskytneme potřebné nástroje pro vedení a usnadnění diagnostiky hlavních onemocnění malých zvířat souvisejících se změnami v hematologií a biochemií a pro stanovení etiologie na základě specifických klinických příznaků. Autoři jako fundovaní odborníci v oblasti hematologie a biochemie malých zvířat, přidávají další zdroje (tabulky, obrázky atd.), díky nimž je tato příručka nezbytnou referencí pro veterinární lékaře pracující s kočkami a psy.
Autor: ignacio Löpez Villalba, Ignacio Mesa Sánchez
| Nakladatel | Servet |
|---|---|
| ISBN | 9788417640477 |
| Vydání | 2019 |
| Vazba | pevná |
| Počet stran | 154 |
This is a technical-scientific manual describing the main algorithms used for differential diagnosis in the field of haematology and biochemistry in the small animal clinic. The objective of this book is to optimize the work of clinical veterinarians by providing them with the necessary tools to guide and facilitate the diagnosis of the main haematology- and biochemistry-related diseases of small animals and to establish aetiology based on specific clinical signs. The authors, experts in the field of small animal haematology and biochemistry, include additional resources (tables, images, etc.) that make this manual an essential reference for veterinarians working with cats and dogs.
| Index of abbrevations | XII |
| 1. Hematology | 1 |
| Additives used for blood sample collection | 2 |
| Blood smear evaluation | 2 |
| Reference ranges for blood smear evaluation | 2 |
| Platelet concentration | 2 |
| Red blood cell abnormalities | 3 |
| White blood cell abnormalities | 3 |
| Systematic evaluation of blood smears | 4 |
| Red blood cell alternations in blood smears | 6 |
| Template for blood smear evaluation | 9 |
| Interpretation of the haemogram Anaemia | 12 |
| Types od anemia | 13 |
| According to degree of regeneration | 13 |
| Regenerative anaemias | 13 |
| Semiregenerative anaemias | 14 |
| Nonregenerative anaemias | 15 |
| According to aetiology | 16 |
| Haemolytic anaemia | 16 |
| Anaemia due to CKD | 17 |
| Infectious anaemias | 20 |
| Iron-deficiency anaemia | 23 |
| Anaemia of chronic disease | 25 |
| Diagnostic process to differentiate between iron-deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease | 26 |
| Erythrocytosis | 27 |
| Leukogram alternations | 31 |
| Leukogram patterns | 31 |
| Neutrophilia | 32 |
| Neutropaenia | 33 |
| Lymphocytosis | 34 |
| Lymphopaenia | 35 |
| Monocytosis | 36 |
| Eosinophilia | 37 |
| White blood cell alternations | 38 |
| Classification of leukaemias | 38 |
| Lymphoma | 40 |
| Multiple myeloma | 41 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 42 |
| Most common hereditary immunodeficiencis | 43 |
| Hypersensitivity reactions | 45 |
| Alternations of the lymphoid organs and spleen | 46 |
| Lymphadenopathies | 46 |
| Fever of unknown origin | 47 |
| Splenomegaly | 50 |
| 2. Haemostasis | 53 |
| Diagnostic techniques | 54 |
| Diagnostic approach | 55 |
| Rapid blood tests | 55 |
| Definitive tests | 55 |
| Diagnostic examination of patient with haemorrhages | 56 |
| Alternations in haemostasis | 58 |
| Petechiae and ecchymosis | 58 |
| Thrombocytopaenia | 60 |
| Hereditary coagulopathies | 61 |
| Acquired coagulopathies | 62 |
| DIC | 64 |
| 3. Transfusion medicine: Blood transfusion and blood products | 67 |
| Donor selection | 68 |
| Blood groups | 68 |
| Dogs | 68 |
| Cats | 70 |
| Compatibility tests | 71 |
| Blood products | 73 |
| Transfusion practice | 75 |
| Transfusion reactions | 76 |
| 4. Electrolyte abnormalities | 77 |
| Potassium | 78 |
| Hyperkalaemia | 78 |
| Hypokalaemia | 80 |
| Sodium | 82 |
| Hypernatraemia | 82 |
| Types of fluids and Na concentration | 84 |
| Hyponatraemia | 85 |
| Chlorine | 87 |
| Hyperchloraemia | 87 |
| Hypochloraemia | 88 |
| Calcium | 89 |
| Hypercalcaemia | 89 |
| Hypocalcaemia | 94 |
| Phosphorus | 96 |
| Hyperphosphataemia | 96 |
| Hypophosphataemia | 97 |
| Magnesium | 98 |
| Hypomagnesaemia | 98 |
| 5. Alternations in acid-base balance | 99 |
| Aciddaemia: aetology and treatment | 102 |
| Alkalosis: aetology and treatment | 103 |
| Expected compensatory responses to primary acid-based alternations | 104 |
| 6. Alternations in serum biochemistry and urinalysis | 106 |
| Kidney disease | 106 |
| Polyuria/polydipsia syndrome | 106 |
| Acute azotaemia (ARF) | 109 |
| Chronic azotaemia (CKD) | 111 |
| Proteinuria | 115 |
| Haematuria | 116 |
| Interpretation of test strips | 118 |
| Interpretation of urinary sediment analysis | 120 |
| Liver disease | 123 |
| Jaundice | 123 |
| Increase in transaminases | 123 |
| Increase in alkaline phosphatase | 126 |
| Increase in bile acids | 128 |
| Increase in ammonia | 130 |
| Clinical and laboratory interpretation in liver disease: summary | 131 |
| Extrahepatic conditions that increase liver enzyme levels: summary | 133 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 134 |
| Pancreatic disease | 136 |
| Glucose alternations | 137 |
| Hyperglycaemia | 137 |
| Hypoglycaemia | 138 |
| Lipid alternations | 139 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 139 |
| Alternations in plasma proteins | 141 |
| Hypoalbuminaemia | 141 |
| Hyperglobulinaemia | 142 |
| Proteinogram | 144 |
| Creatine kinase | 148 |
| 7. Effusion fluid | 149 |
| Body fluid analysis | 150 |
| Joint disease | 152 |
| Bibliography | 154 |