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Practical Veterinary Forensics

Stručný popis

Veterináři často přicházejí do styku se zákonem na ochranu zvířat proti týrání v případech krutosti zvířat, zločinů týkajících se domácích zvířat a divoké zvěře. Tato kniha poskytuje praktické informace o práci na místě činu. Poskytuje přehled vyšetření a testů, které mohou být provedeny, postupů při shromažďování důkazů, zpracování znaleckých zpráv a svědeckých záznamů. Soustřeďuje se na základní principy a potřebně poznatky. Publikace popisuje podrobně analýzu srsti, krve a kousnutí, přehled o střelných zraněních. Autoři v této publikace zahrnují širší koncepty dané problematiky, jako je vztah mezi člověkem a zvířetem, aktivní tvorbou zdraví, vedení případu. Kniha přináší četné případové studie, které oživí danou problematiku při ohledání místa činu. Praktická veterinární kriminalistika je nepostradatelným průvodcem pro všechny veterináře, kteří pracují v případech vyšetřováníí týrání zvířat, zneužívání zvířat. Je to zásadní zdroj informací pro sociální organizace, útulky zvířata a veterinární laboratoře a ústavy patologické anatomie zabývající se zavedením veterinární forenzní medicíny pro klinické praxe.

Autor: David Bailey

Cena s DPH: asi 3838 Kč

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Základní informace

Nakladatel	CABI International
ISBN	9781780642949
Vydání	2015
Vazba	pevná
Počet stran	200

Popis

General practitioner veterinarians often come into contact with the law in cases of animal cruelty, domestic animal and wildlife crimes, and human crimes with an animal element. An area of veterinary practice for which there is no formal training and few resources, this book provides practical training for an aspect of the job that many vets feel ill-equipped to deal with. Covering how to operate in a crime scene, work with emergency service personnel, collect evidence, prepare reports and provide evidence in court, it is an invaluable aid to this part of a veterinarian’s work.
Veterinarians often come into contact with the law in cases of animal cruelty, domestic animal and wildlife crimes, and human crimes with an animal element. This book provides practical information and training on how to operate within a crime scene. It covers the tests that may need to be carried out, collecting evidence, preparing reports and giving evidence in court as an expert witness.

Concentrating on the basic principles and background knowledge needed, the book includes hair, blood and bite mark analysis as well as an overview of firearms injury. It explores wider concepts such as the human-animal bond and one health, going on to give practical guidance and numerous case studies, which bring the book to life and into the real world of the busy crime scene.

Practical Veterinary Forensics is an indispensable guide to all veterinarians working in cases of animal cruelty, abuse and crimes against animals. It is essential for welfare organizations, animal shelters and those requiring an introduction to veterinary forensic science.

Obsah

Introduction: What is Veterinary Forensics	2
Introduction	2
Current projects	2
Anti-terrorism	2
Forensic analysisi of hair	2
Bitemark analysis	2
Teaching and examining	2
Contract research	3
Expert witness appearance	3
Toxicology and chemical analysis	3
Veterinary call-out Services	3
Televisona and Media	3
Report writing	4
Documentary evidence	4
Blood Pattern analysis	4
Bestiality	4
Ballistics	4
DNA analysis and laboratory competence	4
Conceptual Views	5
Comparsion to human forensics	5
Adefinition of veterinary forensics	5
Breadth of field	6
Getting caught	6
Biological Concepts	8
Know Yourself	8
A Common Thread	9
Jones versus Kaney	9
Critical Thinking	10
Example	11
Conclusion	11
Forensic Philosophy	12
One of Use Cannot Be Wrong: The Structure of Knowledge and Reasoning in Forencis Science by Karl Harrison	12
Introduction	1
Forensics a plethora of different sciences	13
The philosophy of science	15
Conclusion	17
Junk Science by David Bailey	17
Pseudoscience	17
Junk Science	17
Conclusion bias	17
Law and Animals	24
Challenges to the Legal Status of Domestic and Captive Animals by Deborah Rook	24
The Property status of domestic and Captive Animals	24
Pet custody cases	25
Direct legal challenges to the property status of animals	25
The basic of a challenge to the legal status of animals – autonomy versus sentiency	27
Utilitarianism in practice	27
The concept of unnecessary suffering	28
Necessity as a balancing exercise	28
Property status and proportionality	30
Conclusion	30
Unnecessary Sufferinf by Pippa Swan	31
Introduction	31
A legal definition	31
The legal test	32
Animal suffering	33
Animal Killing	33
Conclusion	34
Forensic Science and Applications to One Health	35
Introduction	35
The Need for Translational Research and One Health Collaborations	39
Why Interest in One Helath Now?	41
Macro-economics Issues of the 21st Century Where Animal Health-based Innovation in Integral to Human Survival	43
Food Production and security	43
Energy demands	43¨
Poverty	43
Zoonotic Disease	44
Enviromental diaster relief	45
Ethical use of Animals	46
Mental Health	46
Cloning, embryo research and genetic manipulation	46
Toxicology	47
In summary	47
Core Objectives for Successful One Health Collaborations	47
Conclusins	48
Evidence Collection and Gathering: The Living Evidence	50
Introduction	50
Animals as Property	51
Living Evidence	52
Necessity	53
What is the necessity fot this suffering?	53
What is a Crime Scene?	53
Arrival on scene	53
The Five Cardinal Rules for Examining a Crime Scene	54
PREGS	55
Protect	56
Recording the Crime Scene – measuring and sketching	56
Photography	56
Scetching	57
Evidence logs	59
Evaluate physical evidence possibilities	59
Gathering of evidence	61
Final survey	61
Storage	6
Dead animals	61
Forensic Examination of Animal Hair	62
Introduction	63
Hair as Evidence	63
The Use of Animal Hair in Criminal Casework	64
Recovery, Documentation, Packaging and Storage Methods for Animal Hair Evidence	64
Recovery of Questioned aka target animal hairs	65
Recoveryof control aka known hais samples	67
Packaging and Storage	67
Documentation of Evidence	67
General Structure of Hair	67
Types of Hair	68
Forencis Animal Hair Analysis	68
Stages of hair analysis	68
Microscopy preparation of hair analysis	70
Creating a whole mount	70
Scale casts and impressins of the animal hair surface	70
Medulla slides	71
Microscopical analysis of animal hairs	74
Species Identification from Animal Hairs	74
Scale morphology	76
Medulla types	77
Medullary fraction (MF) aka medullary index (MI)	77
Colour banding	77
Root shape	77
Species identification sids	77
Interpretation of Animal Hair in Casework	77
Conclusions from comparing control and target hairs	77
Transfer and persistence for inrerpreting animal Crimes	78
Firearms and Ballistics	81
Types of firearm	83
Modern firing mechanisms	84
Ammunition	85
Composition	85
Live cartridges	86
Fired cartrige cases and projectiles	86
Internal balistics	87
Primer	87
Propellant	87
Projectile	88
Weapon	88
Production of gunshot residue (GSR)	89
Intermediate ballistiscs	89
Propellant particles and gaseous combustion products	89
Projectile	90
Muzzle attachments	90
External ballistics	91
Muzzle velocity and kinetic energy	91
Trajectory	92
Range	94
Accurace and precision	94
Terminal ballistics	95
Retrival of fired ammunition components	95
Catridges and fired cartridge cases	95
Fired projectiles and shotgun wadding	96
Gunshot residues (GSR)	96
Conclusion	97
Wound Ballistics by Johan Schulze	99
Introduction	99
Basic of wound ballistics	99
Some Specifics of wound ballistics	102
Deformation/fragmentation	102
Entrance and exit wound	102
Shotgun	105
Airgun	105
Essential steps of investigating a shot animal	106
Before necropsy	106
The Practical approaches	107
Recovery of bullets	112
Conclusion	113
Blood and Blood Pattern Analysis	118
Introduction – Analysis versus Observation	119
Definition	119
Blood	119
Analysis versus Interpretation	120
Presumptive Screening of Blood	121
What Is Blood	122
Blood Spatter – Overview	122
Record: Menmonic – CAPSS	123
Forces Acting in Blood	124
Cohesion	124
Surface tension	124
Viscosity	124
Adhesion	125
Forces Acting on Blood	125
Biological forces acting in blood serum	125
Photography and Analysis	126
Close-up of bloodstains	126
Blood Paterns	129
Categories of bloodstains	129
Directionality of bloodstains	129
Point of convergence	129
Number of bloodstains required to make an observation?	129
Bruises	130
Qualifications to Give Testimony on Blood Spatter and Blood Pattern Analysis	131
Ante-Mortem versus Post-Mortem Injury	131
Understanding the Nature of Document Evidence	134
Introduction	134
Handwriting as evidence	135
Feature examination	136
Forgery	137
Further comments	138
Document Evidence	138
Ink/writing instruments (sequence)	138
Print media	139
Paper	140
Additional Issues Regarding the Evidential Value of Documents	141
Photocopies as evidence	141
Age and dating of documents	143
Stipulation of conclusions	143
Forensic Toxicology	146
Introduction	146
Forencics Toxicology Scope of Practice	147
Sample Collection	147
Animal Athletes and Performance-enhancing Drugs	151
Selection of a Forensic Laboratory	151
Methods of Toxicological Analysis	153
Principles of Toxicokinetics	155
Conclusions	156
Bitemark Analysis	159
Introduction: Dog Bitemarks – Pathology adn Outcomes	159
Risks and Relatice Incidence	160
Comparsion between Human Bitemrks, Dog Bitemarks a Bitemarks from other Species of Forensic Relevance	162
Overview of Forencis Techniques and Methods used	163
Literature Review	167
Strategies for Prevention and Risk Mitigation	170
Conclusion	171
Report Writing	175
Definition aof an Expert	175
Requirments of and Expert Report	176
Admissibility versus reliability	176
Rules of Reliability	177
Elucidation	177
Obligation of an Expert	178
Report Bias	180
Resilisnce in a report	180
Report Structure and Lucidity	181
Confidentiality and records	181
Accepting Instructions	182
Assistance	182
Relevant expertise	183
Impartiality	183
Evidentiary reliability	183
Comparsion of Jurisdictions (USA, UK and Australia)	183
American views of admisibility and reliability	183
The UK view	184
The Australians view	186
Conclusion	187
The Human-Animal Interaction	189
Introduction	189
A Historical Context	189
Towards Enligtenment and Legislation	190
The Status of Animals	192
Moral Consideartions	192
Human Attitudes	195
The Range of Relationships	195
Positive Human-Animal Relationships	196
Animal Cruelty	196
Family Violence and the Link	197
Hoarding and Bestiality	198
Conclusion	199
Index	201