Detail zboží

Small Animal Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses

Stručný popis

Coverage includes surgical or emergency considerations and client education information specific to each disease. This comprehensive resource, which includes a companion website with quizzes and additional images, is a must-have resource for both veterinary technicians and veterinary technician students
• First comprehensive resource on internal medicine for veterinary technicians and nurses.
• Written by veterinary technician specialists and boarded veterinarians.
• Includes companion web site with review questions and downloadable images from the book.
Linda Merrill, LVT, VTS (Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinical Practice) is the executive director and founding chair of the Academy of Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and organizing committee member of the Academy of Veterinary Technicians in Clinical Practice. She is also a former president of NAVTA and has nearly 30 years of practice experience in small animal, cardiology, oncology, and internal medicine.
Readership: veterinary technicians, veterinary technician students, veterinary technician specialists.

Autor: Linda Merrill

Cena s DPH: 2390 Kč

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Základní informace

Nakladatel	Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN	9780813821641
Vydání	2012
Vazba	brožovaná
Počet stran	608

Popis

Small Animal Internal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians & Nurses is the first comprehensive resource on internal medicine written for the veterinary technician. Organized by body system, each chapter discusses pertinent diseases, from clinical signs, diagnostic testing and prevalence to treatment options and nursing considerations. Published in association with the Academy of Internal Medicine Veterinary Technicians and richly illustrated, this book offers the foundation required for veterinary technician students, as well as advanced information needed for the AIMVT exam.

Obsah

Contributors	xiii
Preface	xv
Chapter 1 Physical Examination	1
Charting	1
Goals of the consultation appointment	2
Conclusion	9
Chapter 2 Endocrinology	11
Section 1 Pituitary Gland	11
Growth hormone disorders	11
Diabetes insipidus	13
Section 2 Thyroid Glands	14
Canine hypothyroidism	14
Feline hyperthyroidism	16
Canine thyroid tumors	20
Section 3 Parathyroid Glands	22
Hypoparathyroidism	22
Hyperparathyroidism	23
Section 4 Adrenal Glands	25
Hypoadrenocorticism: Addison’s disease	25
Hyperadrenocorticism: Cushing’s disease	26
Pheochromocytoma	29
Section 5 Pancreas	31
Feline diabetes mellitus	31
Canine diabetes mellitus	37
Canine diabetic ketoacidosis	40
Insulinomas	41
Glucagonoma	45
Section 6 Miscellaneous Hormones, Glands, and Disease	47
Calcitriol	47
Erythropoietin	48
Gastrin	50
Gastrinoma	51
The kinins	52
Melatonin	53
Natriuretic peptides	55
Renin	57
Somatostatin	59
Other rare neuroendocrine tumors	60
Bibliography	62
Chapter 3 Musculoskeletal	69
Section 1 Anatomy and Physiology	69
The skeletal system	69
The muscular system	71
Section 2 Selected Diagnostics in MusculoskeletalDisease	72
Arthrocentesis	72
Muscle biopsy	73
Section 3 Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System	73
Inflammatory joint disease	73
Noninflammatory joint disease	76
Neuromuscular diseases	77
Inflammatory myopathies	78
Hepatozoonosis	79
Neoplasia	80
Section 4 General Musculoskeletal Examination	81
Section 5 Musculoskeletal Therapy	82
Veterinary rehabilitation therapy	82
Palliative radiation therapy	88
Section 6 Musculoskeletal Nutrition	89
Nutrients	90
Antioxidants	91
Energy and growth	91
Osteoarthritis	92
Body condition scoring	92
Body condition score uses	92
Muscle condition scoring	93
Bibliography	96
Chapter 4 The Neurological Examination	99
Clinical signs and the relevant anatomy	99
Seizures	102
Encephalopathies	103
Cerebral neoplasia	105
Inflammatory/infectious etiologies: encephalitis	105
Meningitis	107
Cranial nerve syndromes	107
Spinal diseases	109
Neuromuscular diseases	113
Diagnostic testing	114
Pharmacology	119
Nursing considerations	121
Neurological glossary	122
Suggested readings	124
Chapter 5 Thrombotic Disorders in Small Animal Medicine	127
Physiology	127
Thrombotic disorders	129
Diagnosis	130
Therapy	132
Client education	134
Suggested readings	134
Chapter 6 Respiratory	137
Section 1 Upper Airway Disease	137
Anatomy and physiology	137
Diseases of the upper airway	137
Nutritional considerations	140
Anesthetic and analgesic considerations	140
Section 2 Mediastinal Disease	141
Anatomy and physiology	141
Mediastinitis	141
Pneumomediastinum	141
Mediastinal masses	141
Section 3 Lower Airway Disease	142
Anatomy and physiology	142
Clinical signs	142
Diagnostic testing	142
Specific airway diseases and treatment	143
Anesthetic and analgesic considerations	146
Section 4 Pulmonary Parenchymal Disease	146
Anatomy and physiology	146
Clinical signs	146
Diagnostic testing	147
Treatment	148
Diseases	148
Nutritional considerations	151
Anesthetic and analgesic considerations	151
Section 5 Pleural Disease	152
Anatomy and physiology	152
Clinical signs	152
Diagnostic testing	152
Treatment	154
Nutritional considerations	156
Anesthetic and analgesic considerations	156
Section 6 Anesthesic and Analgesic Considerations in Respiratory Disease	156
Premedication	156
Induction	157
Maintenance anesthesia	157
Monitoring	157
Recovery	157
Section 7 Feeding Considerations for Respiratory Disease	157
Bibliography	158
Chapter 7 Hematology	161
Section 1 Anatomy and Physiology	161
The circulatory system	161
The lymphatic system	162
The spleen	162
The coagulation system	163
Section 2 Red Blood Cell Disorders	163
Anemia	163
Polycythemia	167
Transfusion medicine	167
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia	171
Section 3 Leukocyte Disorders	174
Methods for determining the leukogram	174
Disorders of neutrophils	175
Disorders of eosinophils	180
Disorders of basophils	180
Disorders of monocytes	180
Disorders of lymphocytes	181
Section 4 Platelet, Coagulation, and Inherited Disorders	182
Diseases of coagulation	182
Disorders of platelets	184
Breed-related disorders	188
Bibliography	189
Chapter 8 Gastrointestinal	193
Section 1 Clinical Signs and Examination of the GI Patient	193
Patient history	193
Physical examination	194
Clinical signs of gastrointestinal disorders	194
Conclusion	197
Section 2 Selected Diagnostics in Gastrointestinal Disease	197
Laboratory evaluation	198
Microscopic fecal evaluation	198
Bacteriologic examination	199
Virologic examination	199
Occult blood	199
Alpha1-protease inhibitor	200
Imaging	200
Special tests	201
Conclusion	201
Section 3 Gastrointestinal Disease	201
Oral disease	201
Esophageal disorders	204
Gastric disease	207
Alimentary tract parasites	213
Diseases of the small intestine	216
Diseases of the large intestine	235
Section 4 Pharmacology	238
Antacids	238
Antiemetics	239
Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs	240
Antibiotics	241
Gastromucosal protectants	241
Digestive enzymes	241
Laxatives	241
Section 5 Feeding Tubes	242
Feeding tubes	242
Esophagostomy tube placement	243
Gastrostomy tube placement	244
Jejunostomy tube placement	247
Conclusion	247
Feeding tube management and complications	247
Section 6 Food Intolerance and Food Allergy	251
Clinical signs	251
Causes	251
Diagnostics	251
Treatment	251
Elimination diets	252
Proteins	252
Carbohydrates	252
Prebiotics and probiotics	253
Section 7 Anesthesia and Analgesia Considerations in Gastrointestinal Disease	255
Premedication	255
Induction	255
Maintenance anesthesia	256
Monitoring	256
Recovery	256
Bibliography	256
Chapter 9 Liver	263
Section 1 Hepatic Disease	263
Acute hepatitis	263
Chronic hepatitis	265
Copper-associated chronic hepatitis	266
Hepatic lipidosis	268
Toxic hepatopathy	270
Hepatocutaneous syndrome	272
Congenital vascular anomaly	274
Liver neoplasia	275
Section 2 Posthepatic Disease	276
Feline cholangitis complex	276
Biliary cysts	278
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction	279
Gallbladder mucocoeles	280
Section 3 Nutrition in Liver Disease	282
Protein	283
Fats	283
Carbohydrates	283
Fiber	283
Vitamins and minerals	284
Feeding plan	284
Section 4 Anesthesia and Analgesia Considerations in Hepatic Disease	284
Premedication	284
Induction	284
Maintenance anesthesia	285
Monitoring	285
Recovery	286
Bibliography	286
Chapter 10 Urinary and Renal Diseases	289
Section 1 Urinary Anatomy and Physiology	289
Section 2 Clinical Signs	291
Section 3 Urinary Diseases	292
Chronic kidney disease	292
Acute renal failure	293
Urinary tract infections	294
Pyelonephritis	295
Urolithiasis	295
Prostatic diseases	298
Lower urinary tract disease in cats	299
Ectopic ureters	299
Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence	300
Protein-losing nephropathy	301
Urinary neoplasia	301
Section 4 Urinary Diagnostics and Therapeutic Implications	302
Urinalysis	302
Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile	306
Proteinuria	309
Blood pressure	311
Urine culture	313
Section 5 Urinary Tract Biopsy Techniques	315
Aspiration biopsy	315
Biopsy	316
Sample handling	319
Postbiopsy nursing care	319
Section 6 Urinary Imaging	319
Radiology	319
Ultrasound	321
Cystoscopy and vaginoscopy	323
Computed tomography	323
Section 7 Renal and Urinary Disease Pharmacology	324
Fluid therapy and correction of electrolyte imbalances	327
Section 8 Anesthetic and Analgesic Considerations	335
Anesthesia	335
Pain management	336
Section 9 Nutritional Considerations	336
Chronic kidney disease	336
Urolithiasis	338
Feline idiopathic cystitis	341
Bibliography	341
Chapter 11 Infectious Diseases	349
Section 1 Infectious Bacterial Diseases	349
Bartonella	349
Lyme borreliosis	350
Canine brucellosis	352
Ehrlichiosis	353
Helicobacter-associated disease	355
Leptospirosis	357
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	360
Mycobacterial disease	361
Mycoplasmal diseases	363
Plague	365
Section 2 Fungal Diseases	366
Histoplasmosis	366
Aspergillosis	368
Coccidioidomycosis	368
Cryptococcosis	369
Blastomycosis	370
Section 3 Protozoal Diseases	374
Amebiasis	374
Babesiosis	374
Giardia	375
Trichomoniasis	375
Leishmaniasis	376
Toxoplasmosis	376
Neosporosis	377
Cytauxzoonosis	378
Hepatozoonosis	379
Section 4 Infectious Viral Diseases	381
Canine and feline herpesvirus	381
Influenza	383
Papillomas	384
Section 5 Infectious Disease Testing	385
Disease prevention and control in the small animal hospital	395
Bibliography	400
Chapter 12 Vaccine, Vaccination, and Immunology	403
Section 1 The Immune Response and Cancer Immunotherapy	403
Innate and adaptive immune response	403
Humoral and cell-mediated immunity	404
Immunomodulation	404
Cancer vaccines	404
Cytokine immunotherapy	405
Summary	405
Section 2 Laboratory Diagnostics in Immunology	405
Serology	405
Biopsy techniques	407
Section 3 Immunosuppressive Medications	409
Corticosteroids	409
Immunosuppresives	411
Less commonly used immunosuppressives	412
Novel immunosuppressive medications	412
Immunomodulating medications	413
Conclusion	413
Section 4 Vaccines and Vaccination	413
Vaccination strategies	413
Canine vaccines	416
Feline vaccines	422
Vaccinations and adverse reactions	427
Bibliography	429
Chapter 13 Pain and Its Management	433
Veterinary technician as pain management team leader	433
What is pain?	434
Pathophysiology of pain	434
Types of pain	435
Causes of pain	436
General approach to pain control	436
General rules of thumb in managing pain	436
Questions to consider	437
How to be an analgesic advocate for your patient	437
Clinical signs and means of detection	438
Pain scoring systems	439
Analgesics	439
Nursing care as analgesic	446
Clinical examples	447
Conclusion	448
Bibliography	448
Chapter 14 Nursing	449
Section 1 Occupational Health and Safety	449
Making the work place safe	449
Health and safety committees	449
Hazards in the workplace	450
Chemotherapy safety	452
Conclusion	453
Section 2 Pharmacological Implications in Internal Medicine	453
Drug calculations, compatibilities, dosing, and administration	453
Constant rate infusion	453
Drug compatibilities	454
Drug dosage adjustments in patients with heart, renal, and hepatic insufficiency or failure	454
Oxygen therapy	460
Drug calculations	461
Client education	462
Section 3 Nutritional Support	463
Nutritional support	463
Energy balance: weight loss versus weight gain	468
Refeeding syndrome	471
Section 4 Diagnostic Procedures	474
Cystocentesis	474
Abdominocentesis	475
Thoracocentesis	478
Urinary catheters	480
Bone marrow collection	484
Section 5 Endoscopy	487
Flexible endoscope	487
Videoendoscope	489
Instrumentation	489
Rigid endoscopes	490
Reprocessing	492
Patient and equipment preparation	495
Section 6 Selected Nursing Considerations of Internal Medicine Patients	495
Thermoregulation	495
Fever or hyperthermia?	495
Hypothermia	498
The sepsis syndrome	499
Bibliography	504
Appendix Accredited State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories	509
Abbreviations	515
Index	521