Internetové knihkupectví s veterinární tématikou
Publikace je prvním komplexním zdrojem informací určeným výhradně pro uživatele anestetických a monitorovacích zařízení používané v klinické veterinární praxi. Je zpracována formou praktické příručky pro uživatele anestetických a monitorovacích zařízení běžně používaných ve veterinární medicíně. Autoři ze USA a Kanady pojali tuto publikaci jako návod, jak klinicky řešit problémy, které mohou nastat v anesteziologii. Řešeny jsou obecné zásady platné pro všechna zařízení, která jsou v praxi užívána a současně předkládá informace o nových anestetických a monitorovacích zařízeních. Tato zařízení jsou velice náročná na obsluhu a vyžadují precizní práci obsluhujícího personálu, který si vím poradit při naléhavých situacích v průběhu anestezie. Publikace je určena nejen anesteziologům v laboratořích, ale i privátních veterinárních pracovištích, kde usilují o bezpečné provedení anestezie u všech druhů zvířat. První kapitole se zabývá používanými anesteziologickými plyny, způsoby jejich skladování, měření a označování. Druhá kapitola je popisuje vlastnosti kyslíku. Třetí kapitola je věnována použitému zařízení v anesteziologii. Další kapitoly přehledně seznamuje čtenáře se anesteziologickým zařízením a vybavením u malých, velkých zvířat. Podrobně jsou popsány funkce a jednotlivé součástky zařízení, jako jsou odpařovače, ventilátory, humidifikátory, laryngoskopy, laryngotracheální tubusy, kapnometry, pulzní oxymetry, EKG monitorovací zařízení, zahřívací podložky, ohřívače infuzních roztoků. Zásady jejich skladování, čištění a údržby. Zajímavé jsou kapitoly o odpadech vznikající při anestezii, zásady bezpečnosti práce a manipulace. Přínosná je kapitola o zásadách podávání infuzních roztoků v průběhu anestezie. Inspirativní jsou vzory a šablony používaných anesteziologických záznamů. Nadčasová je i kapitola věnovaná anestezii při MRI vyšetřeních, které s ohledme na magentické pole vyžaduje speciální vybavení a metodiku. Pro veterinární McGaivery je určena kapitola o možnostech anesteziologického vybavení v polních podmínkách, kde se musíte spolehnout pouze na svůj důvtip, manuální zručnost, ostrý nůž a vybavení své polní lékárničky a kufru. Proto fotografie inhalačních masek z PET lahví a laryngoskopu vytvořeného z obyčejné baterky a dřívka budí na tvářích čtenáře úsměv, ale pro terenní veterináře jest zdrojem bezbřehé inspirace. Dvacátá osmá kapitola popisuje detailně způsoby čištění a ověření účinnosti sanitace používaných zařízení. Poslední kapitoly jsou věnovány odlišnostem při anestezii psů, koček, prasat, přežvýkavců, koní, ptáků, králíků, hlodavců, opic, ryb a plazů. Uvedeny jsou i adresy výrobců anesteziologických zařízení a vybavení. Publikace je bohatě ilustrována kvalitními barevnými fotografiemi.
Autor: Kristen G. Cooley, BA, CVT, VTS (Anesthesia/Analgesia), is an Instructional Specialist in the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Rebecca A. Johnson, DVM, PhD, DACVAA, is a Clinical Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Pain Management in the Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Nakladatel | Wiley-Blackwell |
---|---|
ISBN | 9781119277156 |
Vydání | 2018 |
Vazba | pevná |
Počet stran | 552 |
Veterinary Anesthetic and Monitoring Equipment is the first veterinary-specific resource solely dedicated to anesthetic and monitoring equipment used in clinical practice.
Offers a practical guide to anesthetic and monitoring equipment commonly used in veterinary medicine
Provides clinically oriented guidance to troubleshooting problems that may occur
Discusses general principles applicable to any equipment found in the practice
Presents information associated with novel anesthetic equipment and monitors
List of Contributors | xvii |
Preface | xxi |
1 Medical Gas Cylinders and Pipeline Systems | 1 |
Carl Bradbrook 1.1 Medical Gas Cylinders | 1 |
1.2 Liquid Oxygen Tanks | 8 |
1.3 Oxygen Concentrators | 9 |
1.4 Medical Gas Pipeline Systems | 9 |
References | 15 |
2 Oxygen Concentrators | 17 |
Allan Williamson 2.1 Introduction | 17 |
2.2 Function | 17 |
2.3 Product Gas | 17 |
2.4 Clinical Use | 18 |
2.5 Advantages | 20 |
2.6 Disadvantages | 20 |
2.7 Hazards | 20 |
2.8 Summary | 21 |
References | 21 |
3 Small Animal Anesthetic Machines and Equipment | 23 |
Craig Mosley and Amanda Shelby 3.1 Introduction | 23 |
3.2 Safety and Design | 23 |
3.3 The Basic Veterinary Anesthetic Machine | 23 |
3.4 Breathing Systems | 33 |
3.5 Waste Gas Scavenge Systems | 33 |
3.6 Routine Anesthesia Machine Checkout Procedures | 33 |
References | 34 |
4 Large Animal Anesthesia Machines and Equipment | 35 |
Amanda Shelby 4.1 History of the Large Animal Anesthesia Machine | 35 |
4.2 Purpose | 35 |
4.3 Standards | 35 |
4.4 Similarity to Small Animal Machines | 35 |
4.5 Components of the Anesthesia Machine | 36 |
4.6 Large Animal Anesthesia Workstations | 41 |
4.7 Common Commercially Available Machines | 41 |
4.8 General Cautions | 51 |
4.9 Miscellaneous Equipment for Large Animal Anesthesia | 51 |
References | 53 |
5 Anesthetic Vaporizers | 55 |
Sharon Fornes, Kristen G. Cooley, and Rebecca A. Johnson 5.1 Introduction | 55 |
5.2 Vaporizer Physics | 55 |
5.3 Vaporizer Classification | 56 |
5.4 Other Factors Affecting Vaporizers | 62 |
5.5 Maintenance and Repair | 64 |
5.6 Current Vaporizer Standards | 65 |
5.7 The Modern Vaporizer | 65 |
5.8 Specific Vaporizers | 66 |
5.9 Summary | 71 |
References | 71 |
6 Anesthetic Ventilators | 73 |
Katrina Lafferty 6.1 Introduction | 73 |
6.2 Ventilator Function in the Breathing Circuit | 73 |
6.3 Tidal Volume Delivery | 73 |
6.4 Driving Gas | 74 |
6.5 Bellows Construction | 75 |
6.6 Pressure Limiting Controls | 76 |
6.7 Gas Pressure Alarm | 77 |
6.8 Exhaust Valve | 77 |
6.9 Spill Valve | 77 |
6.10 Ventilator Hose Connection or Ventilator Hose Switch | 77 |
6.11 Ventilation Modes | 78 |
6.12 Cleaning and Sterilization | 79 |
6.13 Pressure Checking | 79 |
6.14 General Concerns and Troubleshooting | 80 |
6.15 Pediatric Ventilation | 81 |
6.16 Basic Ventilator‐Patient Set‐up | 82 |
6.17 Small Animal Mechanical Ventilators | 82 |
6.18 Large Animal Mechanical Ventilators | 85 |
6.19 Conclusion | 89 |
References | 89 |
7 Humidification and Positive Pressure Equipment | 91 |
Stephanie Keating and Stuart Clark‐Price 7.1 Humidification | 91 |
7.2 Positive Pressure Equipment | 96 |
References | 98 |
8 Waste Anesthetic Gas Collection and Consequences | 101 |
Heidi Reuss‐Lamky 8.1 Introduction | 101 |
8.2 Occupational WAG Exposure | 101 |
8.3 Physical Properties and Elimination | 102 |
8.4 Pharmacodynamics | 102 |
8.5 History of Governmental Regulations and Trace (Waste) Gas Exposure | 104 |
8.6 WAG Exposure Level Recommendations | 104 |
8.7 Reducing Environmental WAG Exposure | 104 |
8.8 The Anesthetist’s Responsibility | 107 |
8.9 Monitoring WAG Exposure | 112 |
8.10 Summary | 112 |
References | 113 |
9 Hazards of the Anesthetic Delivery System and Operating Room Fires | 115 |
Odette O 9.1 Hazards of the Anesthetic Delivery System | 115 |
9.2 Operating Room Fires | 123 |
References | 125 |
10 Components of the Breathing System | 127 |
Craig Mosley and Amanda Shelby 10.1 Breathing Systems | 127 |
10.2 Summary | 139 |
References | 139 |
11 Mapleson Breathing Systems | 141 |
Tatiana Ferreira 11.1 Introduction | 141 |
11.2 Fresh Gas Flows (FGFs) | 141 |
11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages | 141 |
11.4 Choice of System | 143 |
11.5 Specific System Types | 143 |
11.6 Combined Systems | 150 |
11.7 Respiratory Gas Monitoring | 150 |
11.8 Potential Hazards | 151 |
References | 152 |
12 The Circle System | 155 |
Geoffrey Truchetti and Trish Anne Farry 12.1 Introduction | 155 |
12.2 Components | 155 |
12.3 Component Arrangement | 162 |
12.4 Gas Flow | 164 |
12.5 Resistance and Work of Breathing in the Circle System | 166 |
12.6 Dead Space | 166 |
12.7 Heat and Moisture | 167 |
12.8 Maintenance | 167 |
12.9 Advantages/Disadvantages | 168 |
References | 168 |
13 Laryngoscopes | 171 |
Erin Wendt‐Hornickle 13.1 History | 171 |
13.2 Laryngoscope Use | 171 |
13.3 Description | 171 |
13.4 Fiber Optic Endoscopes | 174 |
13.5 Veterinary‐Specific Laryngoscopes | 175 |
13.6 Summary | 175 |
References | 176 |
14 Supraglottic Airway Devices and Tracheal Tubes and Stylets | 177 |
Jennifer Sager 14.1 Introduction | 177 |
14.2 Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) | 177 |
14.3 Veterinary‐gel (v‐gel®) Airway Device | 178 |
14.4 Endotracheal Tubes | 179 |
14.5 Large Animal Endotracheal Tubes | 184 |
14.6 Reinforced Tubes | 185 |
14.7 Laser Safe Tubes | 185 |
14.8 Single Lung Intubation | 186 |
14.9 Stylets | 187 |
14.10 Cuff Pressure Manometers | 188 |
14.11 Summary | 190 |
References | 190 |
15 Oxygen Delivery Systems | 193 |
Jonathan Bach 15.1 Introduction | 193 |
15.2 Oxygen Supplementation Techniques | 193 |
15.3 Hyperbaric Oxygen | 197 |
References | 197 |
16 Gas Monitoring | 199 |
Louise O’Dwyer 16.1 Introduction | 199 |
16.2 Capnometry/Capnography | 199 |
16.3 Oxygen Measurement | 207 |
16.4 Nitrous Oxide and Inhalation Agent Analyzers | 208 |
16.5 Blood Gas Analysis: Partial Pressures of Oxygen and CO2 | 210 |
16.6 Conclusion | 210 |
References | 210 |
17 Airway Volumes, Flows and Pressures | 213 |
Andrew Claude and Alanna Johnson 17.1 Introduction | 213 |
17.2 Definitions | 213 |
17.3 Volume and Flow Measurement Devices | 214 |
17.4 The Ventilatory (Respiratory) Cycle | 218 |
17.5 Airway Pressure Monitoring | 219 |
17.6 Spirometry Loops | 219 |
References | 222 |
18 Pulse Oximetry | 223 |
Odette O 18.1 Introduction | 223 |
18.2 History | 223 |
18.3 Importance of Pulse Oximetry | 223 |
18.4 Function | 224 |
18.5 Pulse Oximeter Probes | 224 |
18.6 Uses | 225 |
18.7 Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curves in Different Species | 225 |
18.8 Patient Factors | 226 |
18.9 Abnormal Hemoglobin | 227 |
18.10 Sources of Error | 227 |
18.11 Perfusion Index (PI) and Plethysmograph Variability Index (PVI) | 228 |
18.12 Other Pulse Oximeter Models | 229 |
18.13 Low Saturation Alarms | 231 |
18.14 Pulse Oximetry Use in the Recovery Period | 231 |
18.15 Summary | 231 |
References | 232 |
19 Cardiovascular Monitoring | 235 |
Anderson Favaro da Cunha and Rebecca A. Johnson 19.1 Introduction | 235 |
19.2 Definitions | 235 |
19.3 Measurement Techniques | 235 |
19.4 Patient Point of View | 244 |
19.5 Central Venous Pressure (CVP) | 245 |
19.6 Cardiac Output Monitoring | 246 |
19.7 Conclusion | 248 |
References | 248 |
20 Electrocardiography | 253 |
Tracey Lawrence 20.1 Overview | 253 |
20.2 The ECG Machine | 253 |
20.3 Lead Systems | 254 |
20.4 Mean Electrical Axis (MEA) | 257 |
20.5 ECG Cycle | 258 |
20.6 Electrode Placement | 260 |
20.7 ECG Filters | 263 |
20.8 Evaluating the ECG | 264 |
20.9 Equipment Maintenance | 268 |
20.10 Summary | 268 |
References | 269 |
21 Neuromuscular Transmission Monitoring | 271 |
Molly Allen and Rebecca A. Johnson 21.1 Introduction | 271 |
21.2 Neuromuscular Transmission | 271 |
21.3 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation | 271 |
21.4 Monitoring Techniques | 275 |
21.5 Other Equipment | 279 |
References | 280 |
22 Temperature Regulation and Monitoring | 285 |
Caroline Baldo and Darci Palmer 22.1 Introduction | 285 |
22.2 Heat and Thermodynamics | 285 |
22.3 Thermoregulation | 285 |
22.4 Types of Heat Loss | 286 |
22.5 Heat Loss During Anesthesia | 287 |
22.6 Effects of Hypothermia and Hyperthermia | 288 |
22.7 Re‐Warming | 289 |
22.8 Temperature Monitoring Devices | 290 |
22.9 Sites of Temperature Monitoring | 291 |
22.10 Warming Devices | 293 |
22.11 Active Warming Devices | 293 |
22.12 Other Techniques to Minimize Heat Loss | 298 |
22.13 High‐Risk Heating Methods | 299 |
References | 300 |
23 Fluid Regulation and Monitoring | 303 |
Julie Walker 23.1 Overview of Fluid Physiology | 303 |
23.2 Assessment of Fluid Balance | 304 |
23.3 Advanced Fluid Balance Monitoring Techniques | 307 |
23.4 Fluid Therapy | 311 |
23.5 Equipment for Fluid Therapy | 312 |
23.6 Summary | 319 |
References | 319 |
24 Anesthetic Records | 323 |
Thomas Riebold 24.1 Introduction | 323 |
24.2 Maintaining Anesthetic Records | 323 |
24.3 Monitoring Recommendations | 323 |
24.4 Paper Anesthetic Records | 324 |
24.5 Electronic Anesthetic Records | 324 |
24.6 Transitioning from Paper to Electronic Medical Records | 327 |
24.7 Specific Types of Anesthetic Monitoring Software | 328 |
24.8 Patient Management and Digital Records | 330 |
24.9 Automated Dispensing Systems and Record Keeping | 333 |
References | 333 |
25 Equipment for the Magnetic Resonance Imaging System | 335 |
Kris Kruse‐Elliott 25.1 Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 335 |
25.2 Regulations | 337 |
25.3 MRI Hazard Classification | 337 |
25.4 Types of Metal | 338 |
25.5 Gauss Lines and Safety Zones | 338 |
25.6 Specific Hazards | 339 |
25.7 Compatible MRI Equipment | 340 |
25.8 Anesthetic Machines | 340 |
25.9 Vaporizers | 341 |
25.10 Ventilators | 342 |
25.11 Laryngoscopes | 342 |
25.12 Endotracheal Tubes and Airway Devices | 342 |
25.13 Monitors | 342 |
25.14 Miscellaneous Items | 345 |
25.15 Summary | 346 |
References | 346 |
26 Equipment for Environmental Extremes and Field Techniques | 349 |
David Brunson and Kristen G. Cooley 26.1 Environmental Extremes | 349 |
26.2 Temperature | 349 |
26.3 Atmospheric Pressure | 351 |
26.4 Drug Delivery Systems | 352 |
26.5 Monitoring Equipment | 356 |
26.6 Field Techniques | 358 |
26.7 Anesthesia for Situations with Limited Means | 358 |
26.8 Stress | 362 |
26.9 Summary | 363 |
References | 363 |
27 Equipment Checkout and Maintenance | 365 |
Molly Allen and Lesley Smith 27.1 Introduction | 365 |
27.2 Daily Checks | 365 |
27.3 Other Equipment | 373 |
27.4 End of Case | 373 |
27.5 Preventative Maintenance | 374 |
References | 374 |
28 Equipment Cleaning and Sterilization | 377 |
Cristina de Miguel Garcia and Kristen G. Cooley 28.1 Introduction | 377 |
28.2 The Decontamination Process | 378 |
28.3 Recommendations for Cleaning and Disinfecting Specific Items | 384 |
References | 388 |
29 Unique Species Considerations: Dogs and Cats | 391 |
Turi Aarnes 29.1 Introduction | 391 |
29.2 Intubation | 391 |
29.3 Breathing System | 392 |
29.4 Monitoring | 392 |
29.3 Recovery | 393 |
29.6 Anesthetic Risk | 393 |
References | 394 |
30 Unique Species Considerations: Ruminants and Swine | 395 |
Denise Radkey, Lindsey Snyder, and Rebecca A. Johnson Part I: Ruminants | 395 |
30.1 Introduction | 395 |
30.2 Handling and Restraint | 395 |
30.3 IV Catheterization | 396 |
30.4 Induction Equipment | 397 |
30.5 Tracheal Insufflation and Demand Valves | 403 |
30.6 Padding and Positioning | 404 |
30.7 Monitoring Equipment | 406 |
30.8 Commercial Anesthetic Machines | 408 |
30.9 Anesthetic Circuit | 408 |
30.10 Anesthetic Recovery | 409 |
30.11 Summary | 410 |
Part II: Swine | 410 |
30.12 Introduction | 410 |
30.13 Handling and Restraint | 410 |
30.14 Intravenous Catheter Placement | 411 |
30.15 Induction Equipment | 412 |
30.16 Monitoring Equipment | 414 |
30.17 Anesthetic Circuit | 415 |
30.18 Anesthetic Recovery | 416 |
30.19 Summary | 416 |
References | 416 |
31 Unique Species Considerations: Equine | 419 |
Carolyn Kerr 31.1 Introduction | 419 |
31.2 Sedation and Pre‐Anesthetic Period Considerations | 419 |
31.3 General Anesthesia | 426 |
31.4 Recovery Period | 437 |
31.5 Medical Records | 437 |
References | 438 |
32 Unique Species Considerations: Avian | 441 |
Carrie Schroeder 32.1 Introduction | 441 |
32.2 Anesthetic Considerations | 443 |
32.3 Venous Access | 445 |
32.4 Anesthetic Monitors | 446 |
32.5 Anesthetic Circuits | 447 |
32.6 Maintenance of Body Temperature | 448 |
32.7 Anesthetic Recovery | 448 |
References | 449 |
33 Unique Species Considerations: Rabbits | 451 |
Katrina Lafferty 33.1 Introduction | 451 |
33.2 Intubation | 451 |
33.3 Breathing Circuits | 454 |
33.4 Monitors | 454 |
33.5 Thermal Support | 458 |
33.6 Summary | 458 |
References | 458 |
34 Unique Species Considerations: Rodents | 461 |
Mario Arenillas Baquero and Rebecca A. Johnson 34.1 Introduction | 461 |
34.2 Anesthetic Machines | 461 |
34.3 Anesthetic Induction Chambers | 462 |
34.4 Masks | 464 |
34.5 Endotracheal Intubation and Intubation Devices | 466 |
34.6 Ventilators | 469 |
34.7 Monitoring Equipment | 469 |
34.8 Warming Devices | 473 |
34.9 Summary | 474 |
References | 474 |
35 Unique Species Considerations: Fish and Amphibians | 477 |
Kurt Sladky 35.1 Introduction | 477 |
35.2 Fish and Amphibian Anesthesia: Induction and Maintenance | 477 |
35.3 Anesthetic Monitoring | 483 |
References | 486 |
36 Unique Species Considerations: Reptiles | 489 |
Christoph Mans 36.1 Introduction | 489 |
36.2 Anesthetic Induction | 489 |
36.3 Airway Intubation | 489 |
36.4 Anesthetic Monitoring | 491 |
36.5 Summary | 495 |
References | 495 |
37 Unique Species Considerations: Non‐Human Primates | 497 |
Stephen Cital 37.1 General Anatomy | 497 |
37.2 Taxonomy | 497 |
37.3 Immobilizing Equipment | 497 |
37.4 Anesthetic Machines | 497 |
37.5 Monitors | 498 |
37.6 Summary | 501 |
References | 502 |
Index | 503 |