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Veterinary Euthanasia Techniques A Practical Guide

Stručný popis

Publikace poskytuje praktické pokyny pro soucitné a sebevědomé ukončení péče o různé druhy zvířat prostřednictvím eutanazie. V tomto novém vydání je spektrum pacientů rozšířena o zvířata v zoologických zahradách a mořské živočichy. Toto vydání bylo reorganizováno podle druhů pacientů, aby se v něm snadněji nacházely informace, přičemž každá druhově specifická kapitola se zabývá fixací, vybavením, sedativy a technikami. Sekce zabývající se léky a daty byly aktualizovány a obsahují nové informace o tom, jak řešit nedostatek pentobarbitalu a jak zoologické zahrady zoo řeší aspekty dobrých životních podmínek zvířat.

Autor: Kathleen A. Cooney

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Nakladatel	Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN	9781394263882
Vydání	2025
Vazba	brožovaná
Počet stran	208

Popis

Practical how-to guidance to compassionately and confidently care for various species of animals through euthanasia Wiley Medical Prev. Ed: 9780470959183 Veterinary Euthanasia Techniques offers how-to guidance for performing euthanasia techniques in dogs, cats, exotic animals, horses, production animals, and, in this new edition, zoo and marine animals. This edition has been reorganized by species to make it easier to find information, with each species-specific chapter covering restraint, equipment, sedatives, and techniques. Sections discussing drugs and data have been updated throughout, with new discussions on how to handle pentobarbital shortages and animal welfare considerations.
About the Author
Kathleen A. Cooney, DVM, CHPV, CPEV, DACAW, is Senior Director of Medical Education at the Companion Animal Euthanasia Training Academy (CAETA) and Affiliate Faculty Member in the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Obsah

Table of Contents	XI
Forward from the Editor	xiii
Author Biographies	xv
Preface	xvii
Acknowledgments	xix
1 Euthanasia Standards in Modern Times	1
1.1 A Brief Look at Euthanasia’s History	1
1.1.1 Defining Euthanasia and Original Methods	1
1.1.2 The Guidelines We Follow	2
1.1.3 How Death is Achieved	4
1.2 Ethics and a Focus on Animal Welfare	5
1.2.1 Ethical Considerations	5
1.2.2 Euthanasia and Its Relationship to Animal Welfare	6
1.2.3 The Importance of Training Euthanasia Methods	7
1.3 Writing Today’s Euthanasia Story: The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How	8
1.3.1 Deciding to Euthanize an Animal Is Hard	9
1.3.2 Establishing Rapport, Building Trust, and Supporting Grief	10
1.4 Euthanasia Technique Selection	12
1.4.1 Choosing an Appropriate Euthanasia Method	12
1.4.1.1 Comfort with the Technique	12
1.4.1.2 Available Supplies	12
1.4.1.3 Presence of Clients and Observers	13
1.4.1.4 Type and Amount of Euthanasia Drugs	13
1.4.1.5 Animal’s State of Consciousness	13
1.4.1.6 Signalment and Physical Condition of the Patient	13
1.4.1.7 Need for a Postmortem Examination	14
1.4.1.8 What’s Allowed by Governing Bodies	14
1.4.2 The Growing Use of Pre- Euthanasia Sedation and Anesthesia	14
1.4.2.1 Sedation is Not the Same as Anesthesia	15
1.4.2.2 Assessing for Unconsciousness	16
1.4.3 A Concise List of Euthanasia Techniques	17
1.5 Professional Best Practices to Support Euthanasia	18
1.5.1 Euthanasia Standard Operating Procedures	18
1.5.2 Finding Meaning and Purpose in Euthanasia Work	21
References	22
2 Canine and Feline Euthanasia	25
2.1 Species- Specific Considerations	25
2.2 Equipment and Handling	27
2.2.1 Positioning and Restraint	27
2.2.2 Medical Supplies	29
2.3 Pre- Euthanasia Sedation and Anesthesia	30
2.4 Euthanasia Techniques	32
2.4.1 Overview of Non- inhalant Pharmaceutical Euthanasia Agents – Pentobarbital, Potassium Chloride, Lidocaine, Magnesium Sulfate, and Propofol	33
2.4.1.1 Pentobarbital Sodium	34
2.4.1.2 Potassium Chloride (KCl)	35
2.4.1.3 Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)	35
2.4.1.4 Propofol	35
2.4.1.5 Lidocaine and Mepivacaine	35
2.4.2 Euthanasia Injection Methods – Intravenous, Intracardiac, Intrahepatic, Intrarenal, Intraperitoneal, and Intrathecal	36
2.4.2.1 Intravenous Injections	36
2.4.2.2 Intraorgan Injections	38
2.4.2.3 Intraperitoneal Injections	44
2.4.2.4 Intrathecal Injections of Anesthetic Agents (e.g. lidocaine)	45
2.4.3 Oral Administration of Pentobarbital Euthanasia Solution	46
2.4.4 Miscellaneous Pentobarbital Administration Routes	47
2.4.5 Euthanasia by Inhalant Gas Methods in Dogs and Cats	48
2.4.6 Physical Methods	49
2.4.6.1 Gunshot	49
2.4.6.2 Captive Bolt	50
2.5 Special Circumstances	50
2.5.1 The Euthanasia of Unbirthed Young	50
2.5.2 Aggressive Dog and Cat Euthanasia	51
2.5.3 Undesirable Physical Euthanasia Methods	51
References	53
3 Exotic Pet Euthanasia	57
3.1 Species- Specific Considerations	57
3.2 Equipment and Handling	59
3.2.1 Handling Exotic Companion Mammals	60
3.2.1.1 Ferrets and Rabbits	60
3.2.1.2 Guinea Pigs, Rodents, Sugar Gliders, and Hedgehogs	60
3.2.1.3 Pet Pigs	61
3.2.1.4 Unusual and Potentially Dangerous Exotics	63
3.2.2 Handling Birds	64
3.2.3 Handling Reptiles and Amphibians	66
3.2.4 Handling Fish	68
3.2.5 Handling Native Wildlife	68
3.3 Pre- euthanasia Sedation and Anesthesia	70
3.3.1 The Use of Inhalants for Induction of Anesthesia	70
3.3.2 Injectable Anesthetic Protocols	70
3.3.3 Nasal, Oral, and Intracloacal Administration	71
3.3.4 Immersion Bath and Topical Anesthetic Application	72
3.4 Euthanasia Techniques	72
3.4.1 Delivery of Euthanasia Solutions	72
3.4.1.1 Small Mammals	73
3.4.1.2 Birds	76
3.4.1.3 Reptiles and Amphibians	77
3.4.1.4 Fish	79
3.4.1.5 Invertebrates	80
3.4.2 Physical Methods of Euthanasia in Exotic Species	80
3.5 Special Circumstances	82
3.5.1 Ensuring the Patient is Deceased	82
3.5.2 Aftercare	83
References	83
4 Equine Euthanasia	85
4.1 Species- Specific Considerations	85
4.1.1 The Importance of Horses in Society	85
4.1.2 Preparation and Planning	85
4.1.2.1 Deciding the Right Time to Euthanize	85
4.1.2.2 Deceased Horse Body Care	87
4.2 Equipment and Handling	89
4.2.1 Safety First	89
4.2.2 Public Events and High- Profile Emergency Situations	90
4.2.3 Working with Untrained Horses	90
4.3 Pre- Euthanasia Sedation and Anesthesia	91
4.4 Euthanasia Techniques	93
4.4.1 Non- inhalant Pharmaceutical Agents – Pentobarbital, Magnesium Sulfate, Potassium Chloride, Lidocaine	93
4.4.1.1 Pentobarbital Sodium	93
4.4.1.2 Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)	96
4.4.1.3 Potassium Chloride (KCl)	96
4.4.1.4 Intrathecal Lidocaine	97
4.4.2 Physical Methods of Euthanasia – Gunshot, Captive Bolt, and Exsanguination	99
4.4.2.1 Gunshot	99
4.4.2.2 Penetrating Captive Bolt	102
4.4.2.3 Exsanguination	103
4.5 Special Circumstances	104
4.5.1 Euthanasia of the Aggressive or Highly Fearful Horse	104
4.5.2 Blunt Force Trauma	104
4.5.3 Pithing	104
4.5.4 Helping Two or More Horses at the Same Time	105
References	105
5.1 Species- Specific Considerations	107
5.1.1 Methods of Euthanasia	109
5.1.1.1 Euthanasia by Lethal Injection	109
5.1.1.2 Physical Methods of Euthanasia	110
5.2 Equipment and Handling	110
5.2.1 Supply Needs for Lethal Injection	112
5.2.2 Firearm Selection	112
5.2.3 Captive Bolt	113
5.3 Pre- Euthanasia Sedation and Anesthesia	114
5.3.1 Cattle	114
5.3.2 Sheep and Goats	115
5.3.3 Swine	116
5.3.4 Llamas and Alpacas	117
5.4 Euthanasia Techniques	118
5.4.1 Noninhalant Pharmaceutical Agents – Intravenous Injections (Pentobarbital, KCl, Lidocaine)	118
5.4.1.1 Cattle	118
5.4.1.2 Sheep and Goats	121
5.4.1.3 Swine	122
5.4.1.4 Llamas and Alpacas	123
5.4.1.5 Technical Challenges (Sheep, Goats, Swine, and Camelids)	125
5.4.2 Physical Methods	125
5.4.2.1 Gunshot in Cattle	125
5.4.2.2 Captive Bolt in Cattle	127
5.4.2.3 Gunshot or Captive Bolt	128
5.4.2.4 Exsanguination	131
5.4.2.5 Pithing	132
5.5 Special Circumstances	132
References	133
6 Zoo Species Euthanasia Considerations and Techniques	135
6.1 Sociocultural Considerations	135
6.2 Institutional and Professional Community Considerations	136
6.3 End- of- Life Considerations	139
6.3.1 Lifetime Considerations	139
6.3.2 Euthanasia Decision- making Considerations	141
6.3.2.1 Whether to Conduct Euthanasia	141
6.3.2.2 When to Conduct Euthanasia	142
6.3.2.3 How to Conduct Euthanasia	143
6.3.2.4 Selection of Euthanasia Methods	146
6.4 Taxon- Based Euthanasia Overview	152
6.4.1 Fish	152
6.4.2 Amphibians	152
6.4.3 Reptiles	153
6.4.4 Birds	153
6.4.5 Mammals	154
6.5 Postmortem Considerations	156
6.5.1 Confirmation of Death	156
6.5.2 Grieving and Postmortem Handling	156
References	158
7 Post-Death Considerations and Closing Thoughts	161
7.1 The Evolving Landscape of Deceased Pet Aftercare	161
7.1.1 Client Expectations	161
7.1.1.1 Spending Time with the Body	161
7.1.1.2 Reviewing Aftercare Choices and Memorialization	162
7.1.1.3 Respectful Body Handling	163
7.1.2 Aftercare Ordering Models	167
7.1.3 Reducing Risk and Improving Accuracy	167
7.2 Types of Aftercare: Current options	168
7.2.1 Overview of Aftercare Goals	168
7.2.1.1 Verifying Death	169
7.2.1.2 Destruction of Drugs and Safe Transport	171
7.2.2 Cremation	173
7.2.3 Alkaline Hydrolysis	173
7.2.4 Burial	175
7.2.5 Composting and Rendering	177
7.2.6 Body Preservation	179
7.2.7 Educational Memorial Donation	179
7.2.8 Consuming the Body as a Purposeful Food Source	180
7.3 Closing Thoughts on the Future of Euthanasia	180
References	181
Index	185