Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease 3rd Editionx

Contents:
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author biographies
About the Companion Website
Section I: Introduction to Microbiology, Infection, Immunity and Molecular Diagnostic Methods
Chapter 1: Microbiology, microbial pathogens and infectious disease
References
Further reading
Chapter 2: Subdivisions, classification and morphological characterization of infectious agents
Microscopical techniques
Pathogenic microorganisms
Biological classification and nomenclature
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: Immunity and infection
Education of the immune system and the development of homeostasis
Immune ontogeny and cellular development
Cellular innate immunology
Adaptive cellular immunity
Mucosal immunity
Physiological, acute, chronic and pathological inflammation
Immunometabolism
Lifetime changes and effect of stressors on the immune response
Circadian rhythms
Immunity to bacteria
Immunity to fungi
Immunity to viruses
Polymicrobial infections
Concluding comments
References
Further reading
Chapter 4: Immune system disorders
Immunodeficiencies
Severe combined immunodeficiency diseases
Thymic aplasia or hypoplasia
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
Primary immunodeficiency diseases involving B lymphocytes
Secondary immunodeficiency
Excessive immune function
Aberrant immune function
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (‘bleeding calf syndrome’)
References
Further reading
Chapter 5: Vaccines and vaccination
Vaccination
Live attenuated vaccines
Inactivated vaccines
DNA vaccines
Synthetic peptide vaccines
Vaccines produced by recombinant nucleic acid technology
Reverse vaccinology
Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) vaccines
Autogenous vaccines
Multivalent vaccines
Anti-methanogen vaccines
Adjuvants
Bacterial derivatives
Vaccination failure
The paradigm-shifting concept of innate memory
Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Molecular diagnostic methods
Analytical properties of nucleic acid
Molecular hybridization
DNA sequencing
Polymerase chain reaction
Real time PCR
Droplet digital PCR
Diagnostic approaches to surveillance and subtyping of bacteria: a comparison of phenotyping and genotyping methods
Molecular subtyping for definitive identification of bacteria
Plasmid profiling
Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA)
Ribotyping
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
PCR-based subtyping methods
REP-PCR
Multilocus sequence typing
Single-nucleotide polymorphism for bacterial subtyping
Average nucleotide identity as applied to bacterial subtyping
Split k-mer analysis approach to bacterial subtyping
DNA microarray technology
Whole bacterial genome sequencing and the evolution of first-, second- and third-generation technological platforms
Culture-independent methods in microbiology: 16S rRNA amplicon-mediated and shotgun metagenomic sequencing
References
Further reading
Section II: Introductory Bacteriology
Chapter 7: The structure of bacterial cells and bacterial taxonomy
Capsule
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nuclear material
Flagella
Pili
Biofilms
Protein secretion systems
Endospores
Bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature
References
Chapter 8: Cultivation, preservation and inactivation of bacteria
Bacterial growth
Bacterial nutrition
Physical and chemical factors that influence growth
Preservation of microorganisms
Physical methods for inactivating microorganisms
Biosafety cabinets
Reference
Chapter 9: Bacterial genetics, mechanisms of genetic variation and gene databases
Replication of bacterial DNA
Transcription and translation, the expression of genetic information
Mechanisms contributing to genetic variation
Examples of mobile genetic elements (MGE)
Genetic engineering of bacteria in the laboratory
Genetic databases and bioinformatics
References
Further reading
Chapter 10: Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial disease
Selection, collection and transportation of specimens
Identification of pathogenic bacteria
Serology
References
Chapter 11: Antibacterial agents
Development of chemotherapy for bacterial infections
Mode and site of action
Combined antibacterial therapy
Factors influencing antibacterial activity
Prudent use of antimicrobial compounds in veterinary practice
Computational approaches to drug discovery
References
Further reading
Chapter 12: Antibacterial resistance
Resistance mechanisms
Multiple drug resistance
Strategies for limiting antibacterial resistance
Antibacterial susceptibility testing
References
Further reading
Chapter 13: Bacterial colonization, tissue invasion and clinical disease
Commensals and the microbiome
Pathogens
Colonization and growth
Pathogen–host interactions
Virulence factors
Responses of the host to bacterial pathogens
The clinical spectrum of bacterial disease
References
Section III: Pathogenic Bacteria
Chapter 14: Overview of bacteria of veterinary importance
Reference
Further reading
Chapter 15: Staphylococcus species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Staphylococcus species
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
One Health
References
Chapter 16: Streptococcus species and Enterococcus species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of the streptococci
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
One health
References
Chapter 17: Actinomycetes
Actinomyces, Buchananella, Trueperella and Actinobaculum species
Nocardia species
Dermatophilus congolensis
Crossiella equi
One health
References
Chapter 18: Corynebacterium species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of the corynebacteria
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
One health
References
Chapter 19: Rhodococcus equi
Usual habitat
Clinical infections
One health
References
Chapter 20: Listeria species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Listeria species
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 21: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Usual habitat
Definitive identification of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Clinical infections
One Health
References
Chapter 22: Bacillus species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Bacillus species
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 23: Clostridium and Clostridioides species
Usual habitat
Specimen collection and cultural requirements
Detection and differentiation of clostridia
Clinical conditions caused by neurotoxic clostridia
Clinical conditions caused by histotoxic clostridia
Enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemia-producing clostridia
References
Chapter 24: Mycobacterium species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of pathogenic mycobacteria
References
Chapter 25: Enterobacterales
Usual habitat
Differentiation of the Enterobacterales
Salmonella serovars
Yersinia species
Opportunistic pathogens
References
Further reading
Chapter 26: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species
Clinical infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 27: Actinobacillus species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Actinobacillus species
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 28: Pasteurella species, Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Pasteurella, Bibersteinia and Mannheimia species
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
One health
References
Chapter 29: Francisella tularensis
Usual habitat
Epidemiology
Clinical infections
Tularaemia in humans
References
Chapter 30: Histophilus somni, Glaesserella parasuis, Avibacterium paragallinarum and Gallibacterium anatis
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Histophilus somni, Glaesserella parasuis, Avibacterium paragallinarum and Gallibacterium anatis
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
One health
References
Chapter 31: Taylorella species
Usual habitat
Clinical infections
One Health
References
Chapter 32: Bordetella species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 33: Moraxella species
Moraxella bovis
References
Chapter 34: Brucella species
Usual habitat
Differentiation of Brucella species
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
Bovine brucellosis
Treatment and control
Caprine and ovine brucellosis
Ovine epididymitis caused by Brucella ovis
Porcine brucellosis
Canine brucellosis
Brucellosis in humans
References
Further reading
Chapter 35: Campylobacter and Helicobacter species
Campylobacter species
Helicobacter species
References
Further reading
Chapter 36: Lawsonia intracellularis
Usual habitat
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment and control
References
Further reading
Chapter 37: Spirochaetes
Leptospira species
Borrelia species
Brachyspira and Treponema species
References
Chapter 38: Pathogenic anaerobic non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria
Usual habitat
Diagnostic procedures
Differentiation of the non-spore-forming Gram-negative anaerobes
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Clinical infections
One Health
References
Chapter 39: Mycoplasmas
Usual habitat
Differentiation of the mycoplasmas
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 40: Chlamydia species
Usual habitat
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 41: Rickettsiales and Coxiella burnetii
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Recognition and differentiation of members of the Rickettsiales
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 42: Bacterial species of limited pathogenic significance in animals
Acinetobacter species
Bartonella species
Aeromonas species, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Vibrio species
Chromobacterium violaceum
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Riemerella anatipestifer
Streptobacillus moniliformis
References
Section IV: Mycology
Chapter 43: General features of fungi and an overview of their veterinary importance
Structure
Growth, reproduction and colonial formation
Overview and general features of fungal disease
Diagnosis of fungal diseases
Differentiation of fungal species
Antifungal chemotherapy
References
Further reading
Chapter 44: Dermatophytes
Usual habitat
Laboratory recognition and differentiation
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 45: Aspergillus species
Usual habitat
Recognition of Aspergillus species
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 46: Yeasts and disease production
Candida species
Cryptococcus species
Malassezia pachydermatis
Megabacteria (Macrorhabdus ornithogaster)
Trichosporon beigelii
Geotrichum candidum
References
Further reading
Chapter 47: Dimorphic fungi
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides species
Sporothrix schenckii
References
Further reading
Chapter 48: Zygomycetes of veterinary importance
Mucorales and Mortierellales
Basidiobolales and Entomophthorales
References
Further reading
Chapter 49: Fungus-like organisms of veterinary importance
Oomycosis
Pythium insidiosum
Lagenidiosis
Rhinosporidium seeberi
References
Further reading
Chapter 50: Pneumocystis species
Usual habitat
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
Diagnostic procedures
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 51: Opportunistic infections caused predominantly by phaeoid fungi
Usual habitat
Clinical infections
Diagnosis
Treatment
References
Further reading
Chapter 52: Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses
Aflatoxicosis
Citrinin toxicosis
Cyclopiazonic acid toxicosis
Diplodiosis
Ergotism
Facial eczema
Fescue toxicosis
Fumonisin toxicoses
Mouldy sweet potato toxicity
Mycotoxic lupinosis
Ochratoxicosis
Oestrogenism
Patulin toxicosis
Slaframine toxicosis
Sterigmatocystin toxicosis
Tremorgen intoxications
Trichothecene toxicoses
Emerging mycotoxins
References
Further reading
Chapter 53: Pathogenic algae and cyanobacteria
Prototheca species
Chlorella species
The cyanobacteria
References
Further reading
Chapter 54: Antifungal chemotherapy
Antifungal drugs
Resistance to antifungal drugs
References
Further reading
Section V: Introductory Virology
Chapter 55: Nature, structure and taxonomy of viruses
The origin of viruses
Structure of viruses
Taxonomy of viruses
References
Further reading
Chapter 56: Replication of viruses
Attachment and entry
Uncoating of virus nucleic acid
Synthesis of early/immediate virus-specific proteins
Replication of DNA viruses
Replication of RNA viruses
Protein synthesis
Assembly and release of virions
References
Further reading
Chapter 57: Virus evolution
Mutation
Genome recombination
Virus–host cell recombination
Other interactions involving viruses
Real world impacts of virus evolution
References
Further reading
Chapter 58: Propagation of viruses and virus–cell interactions
Introduction
Tissue or cell culture
Detection of virus growth in cell cultures
Embryonated eggs
Experimental animals
Determination of virus concentration
Virus–host cell interactions
Mechanisms of cell injury
Viral oncogenesis
Further reading
Chapter 59: Pathogenesis of viral diseases
Routes of infection
Dissemination in the host
Clinical signs
Virus shedding and patterns of infection
Further reading
Chapter 60: Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
Collection, preservation and transportation of samples
Detection of viruses, viral antigens, or nucleic acid
Further reading
Chapter 61: Antiviral chemotherapy
Introduction
Development of antiviral drugs
Viral infections and strategies for interrupting virus replication
Immunomodulators
Ion channel blocking compounds
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Antiviral drugs which inhibit viral genome replication
Antiretroviral drugs
Resistance to antiviral drugs
Future developments
References
Further reading
Section VI: Viruses and Prions
Chapter 62: Overview of viruses of veterinary importance
Reference
Further reading
Chapter 63: Orthoherpesviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 64: Papillomaviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 65: Adenoviridae
Clinical infections
Infectious canine hepatitis
Infection with canine adenovirus type 2
Inclusion body hepatitis
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome
Egg drop syndrome
References
Further reading
Chapter 66: Poxviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 67: Asfarviridae
African swine fever
References
Further reading
Chapter 68: Parvoviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 69: Circoviridae and Anelloviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 70: Retroviridae
Clinical infections
Small ruminant lentivirus group
References
Further reading
Chapter 71: Sedoreoviridae and Spinareoviridae
Orthoreoviruses
Orbiviruses
References
Chapter 72: Birnaviridae
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 73: Orthomyxoviridae
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 74: Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 75: Rhabdoviridae
Rabies
Vesicular stomatitis
Bovine ephemeral fever
References
Further reading
Chapter 76: Bornaviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 77: Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Phenuiviridae and Hantaviridae
Peribunyaviridae
Nairoviridae
Phenuiviridae
References
Chapter 78: Picornaviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further Reading
Chapter 79: Caliciviridae
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 80: Astroviridae
Clinical infections
Diagnosis
Avastroviruses
Mamastroviruses
References
Further Reading
Chapter 81: Coronaviridae
Feline enteritis and infectious peritonitis
Canine coronaviruses
Transmissible gastroenteritis
Other porcine diarrhoea associated coronaviruses
Infectious bronchitis
Bovine coronavirus infection
References
Further reading
Chapter 82: Arteriviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 83: Flaviviridae
Clinical infections
References
Chapter 84: Togaviridae
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Chapter 85: Prions: unconventional infectious agents
Clinical infections
References
Further reading
Section VII: Microbial Agents and Disease
Chapter 86: Lesions resulting from interaction of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens with host organ systems
Further reading
Chapter 87: Interactions of microbial pathogens with the nervous system
Haematogenous bacterial infections
Haematogenous viral infections
Infection via peripheral nerves
Infections with lentiviruses
Viral infections which cause developmental anomalies
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
Algal, bacterial and fungal neurotoxicity
Algal and fungal infections
References
Chapter 88: Interactions of microbial pathogens with the male and female reproductive systems
Infections of the male reproductive system
Infections of the non-pregnant uterus
Infections of the pregnant uterus
References
Chapter 89: The role of microbial pathogens in intestinal and liver disease
Intestinal structure and function
Normal flora
Pathogenetic mechanisms in enteritis
Pathogenetic mechanisms in infectious hepatitis
Liver injury caused by mycotoxins
References
Chapter 90: The role of microbial pathogens in respiratory disease
Defence mechanisms in the conducting region
Defence mechanisms in the gaseous exchange region
Microbial diseases of the conducting regions
Microbial diseases of the gaseous-exchange region
Factors predisposing to pulmonary infection
Patterns of pulmonary inflammation
References
Chapter 91: Interactions of microbial pathogens with the urinary system
Ascending infection of urinary tract
Structure and function of the urinary tract
Virulence factors of uropathogens
Responses of the host to ascending bacterial infection of the urinary tract
Infectious diseases of the kidneys
References
Chapter 92: Microbial diseases of the cardiovascular system
The heart: structural and functional relationships
Infections of the heart
Infections of the vascular channels
References
Chapter 93: Interactions of microbial pathogens with the musculoskeletal system
Responses of muscle to microbial pathogens
Distinctive structural features of skeletal muscle of relevance to microbial infection
Responses of muscle to bacterial infection
Responses of bone to microbial pathogens
Responses of synovial joints to microbial pathogens
Foot infections of cattle, sheep and pigs associated with microbial agents
References
Chapter 94: The role of microbial pathogens in diseases of the integumentary system
Structural and functional perspectives
Responses of the skin to microorganisms
Bacterial diseases of skin
Viral diseases of skin
Fungal diseases of skin
References
Chapter 95: Bacterial causes of bovine mastitis
Mammary gland defence mechanisms
Contagious mastitis
Environmental mastitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and control
References
Further reading
Chapter 96: Disinfection, biosecurity and other aspects of disease control
Survival of infectious agents in the environment
Transmission of infectious agents
Biosecurity
Animals
Feed
Water
Environment of domestic animals
Vehicular and pedestrian traffic
Equipment
Animal waste
Wild mammals and birds
Cleaning and disinfection of farm buildings
Thermal inactivation of microbial pathogens
Anaerobic digestion
Disinfection, antisepsis and sterilization
Characteristics, modes of action and selection of chemical disinfectants
Chemical inactivation of microbial pathogens
Bacteria
Fungal pathogens
Viruses
Prions
Chemicals used as disinfectants in veterinary medicine
Resistance to antimicrobial biocides
Terminology used to describe biocide resistance or tolerance
Disinfection procedures
References
Further reading
Appendix Relevant websites
General microbiology
Bacteriology
Mycology
Virology
Infectious diseases
Microbial genomics
Veterinary immunology
Index
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