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Veterinary Necropsy Guide

Stručný popis

Publikace je aktualizovaný a rozšířený průvodce zvládnutí pitev u veterinárních pacientů, nyní zahrnující kromě psů, koček a malých savců i hospodářská a exotická zvířata. Již druhé vydání poskytuje praktické rady, jak provádět pitvu u zvířat. Kniha zahrnuje rozšířené a aktualizované druhové pokrytí, od skotu, koně, ovce, koz, alpak, lam, prasat přes exotická zvířata, kromě psů, koček a malých savců. Nabízí podrobné popisy postupu pitvy u malých zvířat, srovnávací anatomii, modifikované pitevní postupy vhodné pro různé a speciální živočišné druhy.
Každá kapitola se zabývá orgánovým systémem a vysvětluje pitvu, vyšetření a odběr tkání. Autoři také zahrnují pokyny pro odběr vzorků pro pomocné testy.
Publikace poskytuje:
Důkladný úvod do veterinární pitvy, včetně toho, kdy, jak a proč provádět pitvu.
Komplexní analýzu pitev psů, koček, malých savců, hospodářských zvířat a exotických zvířat.
Praktické diskuse o srovnávací anatomii, procedurálních modifikacích a speciálních technikách pitvy.
Kompletní popis postupu pitvy, orgánových systémů a dalších testů
Publikace je nezbytnou referencí pro studenty veterinární medicíny, rezidenty veterinární anatomické patologie, veterinární patology, laboratorní veterináře, veterináře z útulků a veterinární lékaře, kteří provádějí pitvy.

Autor: Sean P. McDonough, Teresa Southard

Cena s DPH: asi 3100 Kč

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Základní informace

Nakladatel	Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN	9781394237135
Vydání	2026
Vazba	brožovaná
Počet stran	272

Popis

An updated and expanded guide to performing necropsies on veterinary patients, now covering farm animals and exotics in addition to dogs, cats, and small mammals

»Veterinary Necropsy Guide«, Second Edition delivers practical guidance on how to perform a postmortem examination in animals. The book includes expanded and updated species coverage, now including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, alpacas, llamas, pigs, and exotics, in addition to dogs, cats, and small mammals. It offers detailed descriptions of the necropsy procedure in small animals, comparative anatomy, modified procedures appropriate for various species, and special postmortem species.

Each chapter covers an organ system and explains dissection, examination, and tissue collection. The authors also include guidelines for sample collection for ancillary testing.

»Veterinary Necropsy Guide provides«:
A thorough introduction to veterinary necropsy, including when, how, and why to perform a postmortem examination
Comprehensive explorations of canine, feline, small mammal, farm animal, and exotic animal necropsies
Practical discussions of comparative anatomy, procedural modifications, and special necropsy techniques
Complete treatments of the necropsy procedure, organ systems, and additional testing

»Veterinary Necropsy Guide« is an essential reference for veterinary students, veterinary anatomic pathology residents, and veterinary pathologists, laboratory veterinarians, shelter veterinarians, and veterinary practitioners who perform necropsies.
Autor: Sean McDonough, DVM, PhD, is Associate Professor at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine in Ithaca, New York, USA.

Obsah

Preface	xv
List of Contributors	xvii
Acknowledgments	xix
About the Companion Website	xxi
Part I Necropsy Fundamentals	1
1 Introduction to the Necropsy	3
1.1 What Is a Necropsy?	3
1.2 Why Do a Necropsy?	3
1.3 What Information Can and Cannot Be Gained from a Necropsy	3
1.4 When to Refer a Necropsy	4
2 Necropsy Basics	6
2.1 Necropsy Facilities	6
2.2 Necropsy Equipment	6
2.3 Safety Considerations	10
2.3.1 Cuts and Punctures	10
2.3.2 Slips and Falls	11
2.3.3 Zoonotic Disease	11
2.3.4 Formalin	12
2.4 The Importance of a Good History	12
2.5 The Necropsy Report	12
2.5.1 Gross Description	12
2.5.2 Gross Findings	13
2.5.2.1 Inflammatory Lesion	13
2.5.2.2 Fluid in a Body Cavity	13
2.5.2.3 Hemorrhage in an Organ	13
2.5.2.4 Neoplasm, Congenital Defect	13
2.5.3 Gross Diagnosis	13
2.5.4 Comment	13
2.6 Postmortem Changes	14
Part II The Mammalian Necropsy	17
3 The Necropsy	19
3.1 Introduction	19
3.2 Small Animal Necropsy Technique	19
3.2.1 Weigh the Body	19
3.2.2 External Examination	19
3.2.3 Reflect the Skin and Right Limbs	20
3.2.4 Open the Abdominal Cavity	23
3.2.5 Puncture the Diaphragm	23
3.2.6 Open the Thoracic Cavity	24
3.2.7 Open the Pericardium	25
3.2.8 In Situ Examination of Organs	25
3.2.9 Remove the Adrenal Glands	25
3.2.10 Remove the Pluck	26
3.2.11 Remove the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Spleen	27
3.2.12 Remove the Urogenital Organs	29
3.2.13 Remove the Head	29
3.2.14 Take Out the Eyes	29
3.2.15 Remove the Brain	30
3.2.16 Remove the Pituitary Gland	32
3.3 Modifications for Large Animals	32
3.4 Modifications for Pocket Pets	37
4 The Integumentary System	39
4.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	39
4.1.1 Dermis and Epidermis	39
4.1.2 Hair	39
4.1.3 Sweat Glands	41
4.1.4 Sebaceous Glands	41
4.1.5 Mammary Glands	41
4.1.6 Claws	42
4.1.7 Horns	42
4.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	42
4.2.1 Primary Lesions	43
4.2.2 Lesions That May Be Primary or Secondary	44
4.2.3 Secondary Skin Lesions	44
4.2.4 Sampling the Skin	45
4.3 Special Techniques	46
4.3.1 Cytology	47
4.3.2 Skin Scrapes	47
4.3.3 Hair Examination (Trichogram)	47
4.3.4 Hoof/Claw/Nail	47
4.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem hanges	47
4.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	48
5 The Musculoskeletal System	49
5.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	49
5.1.1 Bones and Joints	49
5.1.2 Teeth	52
5.1.3 Skeletal Muscle	53
5.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	55
5.2.1 Bones	55
5.2.2 Joints, Tendons, and Ligaments	56
5.2.3 Skeletal Muscle	56
5.3 Special Techniques	56
5.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	58
5.5 Classic or Pathognomonic Lesions	58
6 The Cardiovascular System	60
6.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	60
6.1.1 Right Heart	60
6.1.2 Left Heart	63
6.1.3 Vessels: Great and Small	63
6.1.4 Embryology, Fetal Circulation, and Congenital Defects	63
6.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	66
6.3 Special Techniques	68
6.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	69
6.5 Common, Classic, or Pathognomonic Lesions	71
7 The Respiratory System	72
7.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	72
7.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	77
7.2.1 Larynx and Trachea	77
7.2.2 Lungs	78
7.2.3 Nasal Cavity and Sinuses	79
7.3 Special Techniques	79
7.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	80
7.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	81
8 The Alimentary System	82
8.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	82
8.1.1 The Oropharyngeal Cavity	82
8.1.2 The Salivary Glands	82
8.1.3 The Esophagus	82
8.1.4 The Mesentery and Omentum	85
8.1.5 The Stomach	85
8.1.6 The Small Intestine	86
8.1.7 The Large Intestine	87
8.1.8 The Intestinal Vasculature and Nervous System	88
8.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	88
8.2.1 The Esophagus	88
8.2.2 The Gastrointestinal Tract	89
8.3 Special Techniques	90
8.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	90
8.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	91
9 The Liver and Pancreas	93
9.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	93
9.1.1 The Liver	93
9.1.2 The Pancreas	96
9.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	97
9.2.1 The Liver	97
9.2.2 The Pancreas	98
9.3 Special Techniques	99
9.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes	99
9.4.1 The Liver	99
9.4.2 The Pancreas	99
9.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	100
10 The Urogenital System	101
10.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	101
10.1.1 Urinary Tract	101
10.1.2 Reproductive Tract	103
10.1.3 Fetal Membranes and Placenta	103
10.1.4 Umbilical Cord	106
10.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	108
10.2.1 Kidneys	109
10.2.2 Ureters	109
10.2.3 Bladder and Urethra	109
10.2.4 Ovaries	109
10.2.5 Oviduct/Uterus/Cervix/Vagina	110
10.2.6 Testes/Epididymides/Ductus Deferens	110
10.2.7 Accessory Sex Glands	110
10.2.8 Fetus, Umbilical Cord, and Fetal Membranes	110
10.2.9 Distal Colon/Rectum/Anus	112
10.3 Special Techniques	112
10.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes	113
10.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	114
11 The Nervous System	115
11.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	115
11.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	116
11.2.1 Brain	116
11.2.2 Spinal Cord	120
11.2.3 Peripheral Nerves	121
11.3 Special Techniques	121
11.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	121
11.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	123
12 The Eye and Ear	124
12.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	124
12.1.1 The Eye	124
12.1.2 The Ear	125
12.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	127
12.2.1 The Eye	127
12.2.2 The Ear	128
12.3 Special Techniques	129
12.3.1 The Eye	129
12.3.2 The Ear	130
12.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	131
12.5 Common, Classic, or Pathognomonic Lesions	131
13 The Endocrine System	132
13.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	132
13.1.1 The Pituitary Gland	132
13.1.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands	132
13.1.3 The Endocrine Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)	134
13.1.4 The Adrenal Glands	134
13.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	135
13.2.1 The Pituitary Gland	135
13.2.2 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands	135
13.2.3 The Endocrine Pancreas	136
13.2.4 The Adrenal Glands	136
13.3 Special Techniques	137
13.4 Common Artifacts and Postmortem Changes	137
13.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	137
14 The Lymphoreticular System	139
14.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	139
14.1.1 Thymus	139
14.1.2 Lymph Nodes	139
14.1.3 Spleen	141
14.1.4 Bone Marrow	143
14.1.5 Tonsils	143
14.1.6 Hemal Nodes	143
14.2 Organ Examination and Sampling	143
14.2.1 Thymus	143
14.2.2 Lymph Nodes	144
14.2.3 Spleen	145
14.2.4 Bone Marrow	146
14.2.5 Tonsils	146
14.2.6 Hemal Nodes	147
14.3 Special Techniques	147
14.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	147
14.5 Common, Classic, or Pathognomonic Lesions	148
Part III Nonmammalian Necropsies	149
15 Birds	151
15.1 Anatomy Review and Species Differences	151
15.1.1 Integument	151
15.1.2 Musculoskeletal System	153
15.1.3 Cardiovascular System	154
15.1.4 Respiratory Tract	154
15.1.5 Alimentary Tract	155
15.1.6 Hepatobiliary System	156
15.1.7 Urogenital System	157
15.1.8 Nervous System	157
15.1.9 Endocrine System	157
15.1.10 Lymphatic System	158
15.1.11 Special Sense Organs	159
15.2 Safety Considerations	159
15.3 Necropsy Procedure	159
15.3.1 External Examination	159
15.3.2 Skinning the Carcass	159
15.3.3 Opening the Coelomic Cavity	159
15.3.4 Initial Tissue Collection	160
15.3.5 Examination of Organ Systems	160
15.3.6 Brain, Eyes, Joints, Peripheral Nerves, and Bone Marrow	160
15.4 Special Procedures	161
15.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	161
16 Reptiles	162
16.1 Anatomy Review and Order Differences	162
16.2 Safety Considerations	166
16.3 Necropsy Procedure	166
16.3.1 External Examination	166
16.3.2 Accessing the Coelom	166
16.3.3 Internal Examination and Organ Removal	168
16.4 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	170
16.5 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	171
17 Amphibians	172
17.1 Anatomy Review and Order Differences	172
17.2 Larval Amphibian Anatomy	176
17.3 Safety Considerations	178
17.4 Necropsy Procedure for Adult Amphibians	178
17.5 Necropsy Procedure for Larval Amphibians	179
17.6 Fixation, Decalcification, and Trimming Considerations	179
17.7 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	180
17.8 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	180
18 Fish	181
18.1 Anatomy Review	181
18.2 Species Differences	182
18.3 Safety Considerations	183
18.4 Necropsy Procedure	184
18.5 Special Techniques	187
18.6 Common Artifacts, Incidental Findings, and Postmortem Changes	187
18.7 Common, Classic, and Pathognomonic Lesions	188
Part IV Additional Testing	189
19 Cytology	191
19.1 Types of Cytology Preparations	191
19.2 Making a Touch Imprint	191
19.3 Making a Bone Marrow Smear	191
19.4 Other Preparations	192
19.5 Staining	192
19.6 Atlas of Normal Tissues	193
20 Histopathology	196
20.1 Necropsy Samples for Histopathology	196
20.2 Fixation	196
20.3 Practical Guidelines to Optimize Fixation	199
21 Infectious Disease Testing	201
21.1 Test Types	201
21.2 Aerobic Culture	201
21.3 Anaerobic Culture	202
21.4 Fungal Culture	203
21.5 Fluorescent Antibody Tests	204
21.6 Pcr	204
21.7 Elisa	204
21.8 Virus Isolation	204
21.9 Fecal Examination	205
21.10 Immunohistochemistry	205
21.11 In Situ Hybridization	205
22 Toxicology Testing	206
23 Packaging and Shipping Samples	210
23.1 Packing Samples to Send to the Lab	211
Part V Special Cases	213
24 Forensic Necropsies	215
24.1 What Is a Forensic Necropsy?	215
24.2 Who Should Perform a Forensic Necropsy?	215
24.3 How Is a Forensic Necropsy Different from a Diagnostic Necropsy?	215
24.4 Before the Necropsy	216
24.5 The Forensic Necropsy Procedure	217
24.6 Forensic Necropsy Report	219
Part VI Appendices	221
Appendix 1 Normal Organ Weights (Percentage Body Weight)	223
Appendix 2 Describing Gross Lesions	233
A2. 1 Location	233
A. 2 Distribution	233
A2. 3 Number/Extent	233
A2. 4 Size/Weight	233
A2. 5 Color	233
A2. 6 Consistency	234
A2. 7 Texture	234
A2. 8 Shape	234
A2. 9 Lesion borders	234
A2. 10 Liquids	234
A2. 11 Odor	234
Appendix 3 Tissue Collection Checklists	235
Standard Set of Tissues for Histopathology	235
Additional Tissues for Histopathology, if History Warrants	235
Samples for Toxicology	236
Samples for Infectious Disease Testing	236
Abscess	236
Respiratory disease	236
Diarrhea	236
Abortion	236
Neurologic disease	236
Appendix 4 Online Resources	237
Index	239