Veterinary Nursing of Exotic Pets and Wildlife 3rd Edition

Contents:
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Foreword
Abbreviations
Part I: Small Mammals
Chapter 1: Basic Small Mammal Anatomyand Physiology
Classification of small mammals
RABBIT
Biological average values for the domestic rabbit
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory anatomy
Respiratory physiology
Digestive system
Urinary anatomy
Renal physiology
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Eyes
Haematology
RAT AND MOUSE
Biological average values for the rat and mouse
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Heart
Lymphatic system
Reproductive anatomy
Male
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Eyes
Haematology
GERBIL AND HAMSTER
Biological average values for the gerbil and hamster
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Eyes
Haematology
GUINEA PIG, CHINCHILLA AND DEGU
Biological average values for the guinea pig, chinchilla and degu
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Eyes
Haematology
CHIPMUNKS AND PRAIRIE DOGS
Biological average values for the chipmunk and prairie dog
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
AFRICAN PYGMY HEDGEHOG
Biological average values for African pygmy hedgehogs
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Haematology
PET MARSUPIALS
Biological average values for some pet marsupials
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Endocrine system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Haematology
FERRET
Biological average values for the domestic ferret
Musculoskeletal system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels including those for sampling
Lymphatic system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Neonatology
Sexing
Skin
Haematology
References
Chapter 2: Small Mammal Housing, Husbandry and Rearing
DOMESTIC RABBIT
Breeds
Cage requirements
House rabbit
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
RAT AND MOUSE
Varieties
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
GERBIL AND HAMSTER
Varieties
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
GUINEA PIG, CHINCHILLA AND DEGU
Breeds
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
CHIPMUNK AND PRAIRIE DOG
Breeds
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
AFRICAN PYGMY HEDGEHOG
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
MARSUPIALS
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Fostering
FERRET
Cage requirements
Social grouping
Behaviour
Management
Fostering
References
Chapter 3: Small Mammal Handling and Chemical Restraint
Handling techniques
Aspects of chemical restraint
Induction of anaesthesia
Maintenance of anaesthesia
Supportive therapy during and after anaesthesia
Monitoring anaesthesia
Recovery and analgesia
References
Chapter 4: Small Mammal Nutrition
Classification
General nutritional requirements
Requirements for young and lactating small mammals
Requirements for debilitated small mammals
References
Chapter 5: Common Diseases of Small Mammals
DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC RABBIT
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ophthalmic disease
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ocular disease
DISEASES OF THE GERBIL
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
DISEASES OF THE HAMSTER
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Endocrine disease
Reproductive tract disease
Ocular disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
DISEASES OF THE GUINEA PIG
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Endocrine disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ocular disease
DISEASES OF THE CHINCHILLA
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ocular disease
DISEASES OF THE DEGU
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Cardiovascular disease
Endocrine disease
Neurological and ocular disease
DISEASES OF THE CHIPMUNK
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
DISEASES OF THE PRAIRIE DOG
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
DISEASES OF SUGAR GLIDERS AND VIRGINIA OPOSSUMS
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ocular disease
DISEASES OF THE AFRICAN PYGMY HEDGEHOG
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Endocrine disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ocular disease
DISEASES OF THE FERRET
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Endocrine disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Ocular disease
References
Chapter 6: An Overview of Small Mammal Therapeutics
FLUID THERAPY
Maintenance requirements
The effect of disease on fluid requirements
Post‐surgical fluid requirements
Electrolyte balance
Fluid types used in small mammal practice
Calculation of fluid requirements
Equipment for fluid administration
Routes of fluid administration
Drug toxicities in small mammals
TREATMENTS FOR DISEASES IN SMALL MAMMALS
Lagomorph disease therapies
Muridae disease therapies
Cricetidae disease therapies
Hystricomorph disease therapies
Sciuromorph disease therapies
Marsupial disease therapies
African pygmy hedgehog disease therapies
Mustelid disease therapies
References
Chapter 7: Small Mammal Diagnostic Imaging
RADIOGRAPHY
Chemical restraint
Positioning
Interpretation of rabbit radiographs
Interpretation of rodent, hedgehog and marsupial radiographs
Interpretation of ferret radiographs
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Physical/chemical restraint and positioning
Equipment for small mammals
Rabbit ultrasound interpretation
Ferret ultrasound interpretation
Other small mammal ultrasound interpretation
MRI AND CT SCANNING OF SMALL MAMMALS
References
Chapter 8: Small Mammal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
RABBIT EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Introduction
Emergency airway access and ventilation (A and B)
Cardiovascular support (C) and drugs (D)
Other supportive measures
Diagnostic procedures
Fluid therapy (F)
Other medications and supportive nutrition
EMERGENCY CARE OF OTHER SMALL MAMMALS
Emergency airway access and ventilation (A and B)
Cardiovascular support (C)
Drugs (D)
Diagnostic procedures
Fluid therapy (F)
Other medications and supportive nutrition
General notes on fluid therapy and blood transfusions
Fluid types suitable for use
Blood transfusions
References
Part II: Avian Species
Chapter 9: Basic Avian Anatomy and Physiology
Classification
Nervous system
Musculoskeletal system
Special senses
Respiratory anatomy
Respiratory physiology
Digestive system
Urinary anatomy
Renal physiology and nephron structure
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Endocrine system
Reproductive anatomy
Reproductive physiology
Incubation
Sex determination and identification
Skin and feathers
Moulting
Haematology: an overview
Biochemistry: an overview
References
Chapter 10: Avian Housing and Husbandry
Cage requirements for Psittaciformes and Passeriformes
Outdoor enclosures: aviary flights
Raptors
Columbiformes
Anseriformes
Quarantine
Hospitalised birds
References
Chapter 11: Avian Handling and Chemical Restraint
Handling the avian patient
Aspects of chemical restraint
References
Chapter 12: Avian Nutrition
Classification of birds according to diet
General nutritional requirements
Fats and essential fatty acids
Specific nutritional requirements
Special nutritional requirements for debilitated birds
Correcting dietary deficiencies
Dietary requirements peculiar to specific families
References
Chapter 13: Common Avian Diseases
Skin and feather disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Haematological disease
Urinary tract
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
References
Chapter 14: An Overview of Avian Therapeutics
FLUID THERAPY
Maintenance requirements
The effect of disease on fluid requirements
Post‐surgical fluid requirements
Electrolyte replacement
Fluids used in avian practice
Calculation of fluid requirements
Equipment for fluid administration
Routes of fluid administration
TREATMENT OF AVIAN DISEASES
Avian dermatological disease therapy
Avian digestive tract disease therapy
Avian respiratory tract disease therapy
Avian reproductive tract disease therapy
Avian urinary tract disease therapy
Avian musculoskeletal system disease therapy
Avian neurological system disease therapy
Miscellaneous conditions
References
Chapter 15: Avian Diagnostic Imaging
Physical restraint
Chemical restraint
Avian patient radiography
References
Chapter 16: Avian Emergency and CriticalCare Medicine
Initial clinical assessment of the avian patient
Detailed examination of the avian patient
Triage
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in birds
Monitoring and treatment of hypotension and hypovolaemia (shock)
Nebulisation
Supportive therapy
References
Part III: Reptiles and Amphibians
Chapter 17: Basic Reptile and Amphibian Anatomy and Physiology
Classification
SNAKES
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive system
Skin
LIZARDS
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
Respiratory system (see Figure 17.8)
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive system
Skin
CHELONIA (TORTOISES, TURTLES AND TERRAPINS)
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
Respiratory system (see Figure 17.16)
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive system
Skin
CROCODYLIA (CROCODILES, ALLIGATORS, CAIMANS AND GHARIALS)
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive system
Skin
OVERVIEW OF REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN HAEMATOLOGY
AMPHIBIANS
Classification
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Reproductive system
Skin
References
Chapter 18: Reptile and Amphibian Housing, Husbandry and Rearing
Vivarium requirements
Solitary housed versus group housed reptiles and amphibians
Quarantine
Hospitalised reptiles
References
Chapter 19: Reptile and Amphibian Handling and Chemical Restraint
Handling the reptilian patient
Techniques and equipment involved in restraining reptile patients
Principles of chemical restraint
Induction of anaesthesia
Maintenance of anaesthesia
Aspects of gaseous anaesthesia maintenance for reptiles
Additional supportive therapy
Monitoring anaesthesia
Recovery
Analgesia for reptiles
Overview of amphibian anaesthesia and analgesia
References
Chapter 20: Reptile and Amphibian Nutrition
Classification
General nutritional requirements
Specific nutritional problems in reptiles
A general guide to feeding reptiles
References
Chapter 21: Common Reptile and Amphibian Diseases
Skin disease
Digestive disease
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Urinary tract disease
Reproductive tract disease
Musculoskeletal disease
Neurological disease
Diseases of amphibians
References
Chapter 22: An Overview of Reptile and Amphibian Therapeutics
FLUID THERAPY
Maintenance requirements
The effect of disease on fluid requirements
Anaesthesia fluid requirements
Electrolyte replacement
Fluids used in reptilian practice
Calculation of fluid requirements
Equipment for fluid administration
Routes of fluid administration in reptiles
Routes of fluid administration in amphibians
TREATMENT OF REPTILIAN DISEASES
Metabolic scaling of drug dosages
Reptile dermatological disease therapy
Reptile digestive tract disease therapy
Reptile respiratory and cardiovascular disease therapy
Reptile urinary tract disease therapy
Reptile reproductive tract disease therapy
Reptile musculoskeletal system disease therapy
Reptile neurological system disease therapy
Treatment of amphibian diseases
References
Chapter 23: Reptile and Amphibian Diagnostic Imaging
RADIOGRAPHY
Physical restraint
Chemical restraint
Positioning
Positive contrast techniques
Normal and abnormal radiographic findings
AMPHIBIANS
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Physical restraint
Equipment
Normal and abnormal ultrasound findings
MRI AND CT SCANNING
RIGID ENDOSCOPY
References
Chapter 24: Reptile and Amphibian Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
Initial assessment of the collapsed reptile
Detailed examination of the collapsed reptile
Triage
Emergency ABC protocol
Monitoring and vital sign assessment
Monitoring and treatment of acute hypovolaemia
Supportive therapy
References
Part IV: Wildlife
Chapter 25: Common Mammalian Wildlife Species Biology, Anatomy and Physiology
Classification
ARTIODACTYLS
Cervidae (deer)
CARNIVORA
Canidae: red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Mustelidae: Badgers
Mustelidae: Martes and Mustela species
Mustelidae: Otters
PINNIPEDIA
Phocidae (true seals)
CHIROPTERA
Microchiroptera
EULIPOTYPHLA
European hedgehog
LAGOMORPHA
Hares and wild rabbits
RODENTIA
Castorimorpha: Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber)
Sciuromorpha: squirrels
References
Chapter 26: Wildlife Species Temporary Captive Husbandry and Nutrition
TEMPORARY HOUSING OF SELECTED WILDLIFE SPECIES
Deer housing during treatment
Red fox housing during treatment
Badger housing during treatment
Small mustelid housing during treatment
Otter housing during treatment
Seal housing during treatment
Bat housing during treatment
Hedgehog housing during treatment
Lagomorph housing during treatment
Squirrel housing during treatment
Other rodent housing during treatment
Wild bird housing during treatment
NUTRITION
Classification
General nutritional requirements
Maintenance energy requirements
Proteins
Fats and essential fatty acids
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Requirements for young and lactating wildlife
Requirements for debilitated wildlife
Critical care preparations useful in wildlife rehabilitation
References
Chapter 27: Wildlife Handling and Chemical Restraint
HANDLING OF THE WILDLIFE PATIENT
Do we need to restrain the wildlife patient?
Techniques and equipment involved in restraining wildlife patients
Pre‐anaesthetic preparation
Pre‐anaesthetic/anaesthetic medications
Aspects of gaseous anaesthetic maintenance
Additional supportive therapy
Monitoring of anaesthesia
Recovery and analgesia
References
Chapter 28: Common Wildlife Disease
ARTIODACTYLS: CERVIDS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
Other diseases
CANIDAE: FOXES
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Other conditions
FELIDAE: WILDCATS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
MUSTELIDAE: BADGERS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
Other conditions
MUSTELIDAE: MARTENS AND MUSTELA SPECIES
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
MUSTELIDAE: OTTERS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Other diseases
Poisoning
PHOCIDAE: SEALS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
CHIROPTERA: BATS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
Other conditions
EULIPOTYPHLA: HEDGEHOGS
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Poisoning
Other diseases
LAGOMORPHA: RABBITS AND HARES
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
RODENTIA: BEAVERS, MICE, RATS, SQUIRRELS AND VOLES
Ectoparasites
Endoparasites
Bacterial diseases
Fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Trauma
Other diseases
WILD BIRDS
Bacterial diseases
Viral diseases
Other conditions
References
Chapter 29: An Overview of Wildlife Therapeutics
FLUID THERAPY
Maintenance requirements
Disease influence on fluid requirements
Post‐surgical needs
Electrolyte replacements
Fluid types used in wildlife practice
Equipment needed for administration of fluids to wildlife patients
Routes of fluid administration available in the wildlife patient
TREATMENT OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
Artiodactyls: bovids and cervids
Canids and felids
Mustelids
Phocids: common and grey seals
Chiroptera: bats
Eulipotyphla: hedgehogs
Lagomorphs: rabbits and hares
Rodents: mice, rats, voles, squirrels, beavers, etc.
Wild birds
Reptiles and amphibians
References
Chapter 30: Wildlife Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
Assessment of the wildlife patient
Emergency ABC protocol
Monitoring of cardiopulmonary resuscitation responses
Monitoring and treatment of acute hypovolaemia
Supportive therapy
Nursing of wounds, assisted feeding techniques and foods
Euthanasia
References
Chapter 31: Wildlife Rehabilitation and Release Considerations
Welfare and ethics of animal releases
Release considerations
Organisations providing guidance and best practice for wildlife reintroductions
References
Appendix 1: Utilising Nursing Care Plans in the Care of Exotic Pets and Wildlife
Assessment
Plan
Implementation
Assessment
Re‐evaluation
Example case: rabbit presenting with fly strike
References
Appendix 2: Legislation Affecting Exotic Pets and Wildlife in the UK
UK animal welfare acts
UK wildlife specific legislation
Non‐native species
UK veterinary health relevant legislation
Health and safety
Convention on international trade in endangered species (CITES)
Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976
Appendix 3: Useful Resources
Index